英語語法——引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞歸納

字號:

■when 的用法。表示“當(dāng)……時候”。如:
    The house shook when the trains went by. 火車經(jīng)過時房子會震動。
    When she saw this,she turned red. 她看到這時臉紅了。
    I played football every day when I was a boy. 我小時候天天踢足球。
    ■while 的用法。表示“當(dāng)……時候”。如:
    I’ll take care of him while you are away. 你不在時我照顧他。
    I met Diana while I Was shopping this morning. 我今早買東西時碰到了戴安娜。
    While I was waiting for the bus I dropped my purse. 我等公共汽車時把錢包丟了。
    注意:while 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中謂語動詞必須是持續(xù)性的,不能是短暫性的。
    ■as 的用法。表示“當(dāng)……時候”。如:
    He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起來時,把杯子摔了。
    The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要離開,電話鈴就響了起來。
    ■before 的用法。表示“在……之前”。如:
    I hadn’t waited long before she came. 我沒等多久她就來了。
    It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 好久我才又睡著。
    I must finish this letter before I go home. 我必須在回家以前寫完這封信。
    ■after 的用法。表示“在之后”:
    She left after they arrived. 她在他們到達(dá)后走了。
    I told them after you (had) left. 你走后我把這事告訴了他們。
    ■until / till 的用法。表示“直到…”:
    He waited till [until] I returned. 他一直等到我回來。
    Walk till [until] you come to a white house. 走下去,一直走到一座白房子為止。
    這類句型的主句動詞通常只能是延續(xù)性動詞,不能是終止性動詞。但在否定句中,則主句動詞可以是終止性動詞,此時構(gòu)成not…until [till]…句式,意為“直到……才”。如:
    He didn’t leave until [till] I came. 直到我來他才走(來自 www.zkenglish.com)。
    You cannot leave until your work is finished. 在你的工作沒完成以前你不能離開。
    在否定句中,主句謂語為延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞均可,注意含義不同:
    He didn’t leave until I came. 直到我來他才走。
    He didn’t wait until I came. 他沒有等到我來(即在我來之前就走了)。
    ■since 的用法。表示“自從…”:
    We have known each other since we were children. 我們從小就(相互)認(rèn)識。
    I haven’t heard from him since he left. 他走之后我還沒接到過他的信。
    這類句子的主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時。
    ■as soon as 的用法。表示“一…就…”:
    Tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一到就告訴他。
    I shall ring you up as soon as I arrive. 我一到就給你打電話。
    I抣l let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接到她的信就通知你。
    表示“一…就…”這一意思,除用as soon as外,還可用the moment, the minute等:
    I want to see him the minute [=as soon as] he arrives. 他一到達(dá)我就要見他。