補全短文題典型考題解析
(2007年衛(wèi)生C考題)
Farmer，s market
Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle．The 23一year—old British farmer and her 21一year—old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was l4．_________(46)
“You don’t often get a day off．Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down．With fewer people working on fams it can be isolating，”she said．“There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!”
Oliver Robinson，25，grew up on a farm in Yorkshire．____(47)“I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay，”he said．“I guess it's a nice，straightforward life，but it doesn’t appeal．For young，ambitious people，farm life would be a hard world．”For Robinson．farming doesn’t offer much“in terms of money or lifestyle．”Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing fanning rewards：“providing for a vital human need．while working outdoors with nature．”
Farming is a big political issue in the UK．____ (48)The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms，stopped meat exports，and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming．
Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue．This national concern spells(帶來)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets．____ (49)
“I started going to Farmers’Markets in direct defiance(蔑視)of the big supermarkets．____ (50)It，s terrible，”said Londoner Michael Samson．
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather，s land
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：D．Young people prefer to live in cities
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everythin9—what exactly Do they put off our apples to make so big and red?
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．
解題步驟：
1．分析文章主題：farmers，markets
文章主題詞為：farmer，market
2．分析被選項中的用詞(與文章主題進行比較)：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land(田地，與主題詞farmer呼應)
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets(與主題詞market呼應)，hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular．
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：D．Young people prefer to live in cities
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly do they put on our apples to make so big and red?
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers(與主題詞market呼應)not to buy cheaper imported foods．
被選項A，B，C，及F中出現(xiàn)了文章主題詞或與文章主題詞呼應的詞匯，因此這些選項成為答案的可能性較大。
3．分析被選項中的用詞(關注被選項中的篇章詞匯)：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather，s land
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：D．Young people prefer to live in cities
E．!seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly do they put on our apples to make so big and red?
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．
4．分析被選項中時態(tài)使用的差異：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land(過去時)
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：(現(xiàn)在時) D．Young people prefer to live in cities．(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everythin9—what exactly Do theY put。n OHr apples to make SO big
and red?(過去時) ．
F．“Buv British"campaigns urge(鼓勵consnmers not to buy cheaper imported foods．(現(xiàn)在時)被選項之間存在時態(tài)差異，因此時態(tài)是一個重要的解題線索。
5．直接解題：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land(過去時)
B． While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming's many challenge:(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities (現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything—what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵consumers not to buy cheaper imposed foods．(現(xiàn)在時)
Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle．The 23一year—old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was 14_________(46).
C．解析：空格前句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(現(xiàn)在進行時)，根據(jù)“旬群的基調時態(tài)一致：句群中的句子通常同為過去時或同為過去時態(tài)(例外情況：如果句群中的某個句子中帶有時間狀語結構，則該句子的時態(tài)可以不與旬群的基調時態(tài)保持一致，而是由這個時間狀語決定)，判斷只有B，C，D和F可能出現(xiàn)在空格中?？崭袂熬渲蟹磸统霈F(xiàn)。he，因此推測。he是該段主題詞，被選項C中出現(xiàn)了she,而且被選項C中的代詞they在空格前句中有呼應內容：指代空格前句中的“23-year—old British farmer and her 21-year—old brother Ben(23歲的英國農(nóng)民和他21歲的兄弟Ben)”，因此選項C有三處結構與空格前句呼應：they呼應“23-year—old British farmer. and her 21-year-old brother Ben”，she與空格前句中的she呼應；時態(tài)上也呼應，因此答案很可能就是C。(提示：如果被選項中有2處及2處以上的結構與空格所在的上下文詞匯／時態(tài)形成呼應，則該選項成為答案的可能性很大)選項C說“雖然相信他們將會成功，但是她還是列出了農(nóng)田耕作所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)”。接下來的句子說“You don't often get a day off(你沒有放假的時間)．Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down(超市給農(nóng)民施加了很多的壓力，要求他們把價格降下去)．”，顯然這些句子是對選項C的內容進行解釋。選項C與空格后句之間的邏輯關系是“概括+分析論述”。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(概括+分析論述)
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land(過去時)
B． While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
F．“Buy British"campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．(現(xiàn)在時)
01iver Robinson,25，grew up on a farm in Yorkshire．____(47)．“I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay，”he said.
A．解析：空格前后句都是過去時態(tài)，由此推斷空格處很可能出現(xiàn)過去時態(tài)的句子，因此首先關注被選項A和E。選項A中的代詞h。與空格后句中的主語he直接呼應，同時也在空格前句中有呼應的內容_____0liver Robinson．因此A可能是答案(A在時態(tài)上，在用詞上均與上下文形成呼應)。實際上，選項A說“但是他從沒有考慮過待在他父親和祖父的農(nóng)場上”，空格前句說“Oliver Robinson,25歲，在約克郡的一個農(nóng)場上長大”，顯然選項A的內容正好與空格前句內容形成邏輯上的轉折關系。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(轉折關系)
提示：被選項中如果出現(xiàn)了“but，however，nevertheless，moreover，furthermore。what，S more，on the other hand，on the one hand，on the contrary，also，too，as well”等邏輯連詞／邏輯副詞(結構)，則該被選項成為答案的可能性較大。
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything-what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．(現(xiàn)在時)
Farming is a big political issue in the UK______．(48)．The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms，stopped meat exports，and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming．
F．解析：空格前句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，空格后句為一般過去時(句子中含有標志過去的時間詞2001)，因此推斷空格所在句群的基調時態(tài)可能為現(xiàn)在時，由此推斷答案可能來自B，D和F。從詞語的使用來看，選項B中的farmers能與空格前句中的詞語形成呼應：farmers—farmin9；也能與空格后句中的詞語形成呼應：farmer— farms～farmin9，因此B成為答案的可能性較大。但實際上把B放入空格中旬意不通順：空格前句說“在英國農(nóng)耕是一個很大的政治問題”，空格后句說“2001年那場危機關閉了數(shù)以千計的農(nóng)場，停止了肉類的出口，使公眾意識到英國農(nóng)耕遇到的問題”，因此選項B(雖然大多數(shù)人從大超市購買食物，數(shù)以百計的自由市場變得越來越受歡迎)放入空格中上下文的語意不通。因為空格前后既沒有提到城市(或與城市相對應的農(nóng)村)，也沒有提到年輕人(或與年輕人相對應的老年人／成年人／孩子)，因此D也不應該出現(xiàn)在空格中(提示：前后句應該主題相關)，因此答案最可能是F(提倡“買英國人的東西”的運動鼓勵消費者不要買便宜的進口商品)。其實F是例子，用于解釋說明前句所提出的觀點“在英國農(nóng)耕是一個很大的政治問題”。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(觀點句+舉例說明)
提示：如果空格前句是觀點句或概括句，則空格處常出現(xiàn)用于論證觀點的“例子”或對概括句／觀點句進行解釋的話語。
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue．This national concern spells(帶來)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets．________(49)．
B．解析：空格前句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，空格所在段落的段首句為一般過去時(句子中含有標志過去的時間詞2005)，由此推斷空格所在句群的基調時態(tài)可能為現(xiàn)在時，由此推斷答案可能來自B和D。選項B中的supermarket和farmers分別與空格前句中的supermarkets和farmers形成呼應，因此選項B很可能是答案?？崭袂熬湔f“這種全國上下的關注給正在與強大的超市進行競爭的農(nóng)民帶來了希望”，選項B說“雖然大多數(shù)人從大超市購買食物，數(shù)以百計的自由市場變得越來越受歡迎”。從這兩個句子所表述的意義來看，空格前句提出觀點(給農(nóng)民帶來了希望)，選項B對空格前句提出的觀點進行解釋(數(shù)以百計的自由市場變得越來越受歡迎)。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(觀點句+解釋)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything－what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
“I started going to Farmers’s Markets in direct defiance(藐視)of the big supermarkets．
_______(50)．It’s terrible，”said Londoner Michael Samson．
E．解析：空格前句是過去時態(tài)，空格后句也是過去時態(tài)，因此空格處很可能出現(xiàn)過去時態(tài)的句子，因此E很可能是答案。選項E說“我反對任何超級型號的東西一他們究竟在我們的蘋果上放了什么以使這些蘋果變得又大又紅?”，空格后句說“它是可怕的”，從句意來看，空格后句中的代詞it應該指代空格處句子的句意。選項E提到“對蘋果作了一些處理使這些蘋果變得又大又紅”，這顯然是“可怕的”，因此選項E放在空格處時E下文意義通順。實際上，選項E與空格前句(我開始去自由市場以表達我對大超市的藐視)之間形成意義上的遞進關系。
考點。上下文之間的意義關系(遞進關系)
(2007年衛(wèi)生C考題)
Farmer，s market
Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle．The 23一year—old British farmer and her 21一year—old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was l4．_________(46)
“You don’t often get a day off．Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down．With fewer people working on fams it can be isolating，”she said．“There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!”
Oliver Robinson，25，grew up on a farm in Yorkshire．____(47)“I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay，”he said．“I guess it's a nice，straightforward life，but it doesn’t appeal．For young，ambitious people，farm life would be a hard world．”For Robinson．farming doesn’t offer much“in terms of money or lifestyle．”Hollins agrees that economics stops people from pursuing fanning rewards：“providing for a vital human need．while working outdoors with nature．”
Farming is a big political issue in the UK．____ (48)The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms，stopped meat exports，and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming．
Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue．This national concern spells(帶來)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets．____ (49)
“I started going to Farmers’Markets in direct defiance(蔑視)of the big supermarkets．____ (50)It，s terrible，”said Londoner Michael Samson．
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather，s land
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：D．Young people prefer to live in cities
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everythin9—what exactly Do they put off our apples to make so big and red?
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．
解題步驟：
1．分析文章主題：farmers，markets
文章主題詞為：farmer，market
2．分析被選項中的用詞(與文章主題進行比較)：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land(田地，與主題詞farmer呼應)
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets(與主題詞market呼應)，hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular．
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：D．Young people prefer to live in cities
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly do they put on our apples to make so big and red?
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers(與主題詞market呼應)not to buy cheaper imported foods．
被選項A，B，C，及F中出現(xiàn)了文章主題詞或與文章主題詞呼應的詞匯，因此這些選項成為答案的可能性較大。
3．分析被選項中的用詞(關注被選項中的篇章詞匯)：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather，s land
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：D．Young people prefer to live in cities
E．!seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly do they put on our apples to make so big and red?
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．
4．分析被選項中時態(tài)使用的差異：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s land(過去時)
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming’s many challenges：(現(xiàn)在時) D．Young people prefer to live in cities．(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everythin9—what exactly Do theY put。n OHr apples to make SO big
and red?(過去時) ．
F．“Buv British"campaigns urge(鼓勵consnmers not to buy cheaper imported foods．(現(xiàn)在時)被選項之間存在時態(tài)差異，因此時態(tài)是一個重要的解題線索。
5．直接解題：
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land(過去時)
B． While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
C．While confident they will succeed，she lists farming's many challenge:(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities (現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything—what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵consumers not to buy cheaper imposed foods．(現(xiàn)在時)
Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle．The 23一year—old British farmer and her 21-year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father worked on since he was 14_________(46).
C．解析：空格前句子的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(現(xiàn)在進行時)，根據(jù)“旬群的基調時態(tài)一致：句群中的句子通常同為過去時或同為過去時態(tài)(例外情況：如果句群中的某個句子中帶有時間狀語結構，則該句子的時態(tài)可以不與旬群的基調時態(tài)保持一致，而是由這個時間狀語決定)，判斷只有B，C，D和F可能出現(xiàn)在空格中?？崭袂熬渲蟹磸统霈F(xiàn)。he，因此推測。he是該段主題詞，被選項C中出現(xiàn)了she,而且被選項C中的代詞they在空格前句中有呼應內容：指代空格前句中的“23-year—old British farmer and her 21-year—old brother Ben(23歲的英國農(nóng)民和他21歲的兄弟Ben)”，因此選項C有三處結構與空格前句呼應：they呼應“23-year—old British farmer. and her 21-year-old brother Ben”，she與空格前句中的she呼應；時態(tài)上也呼應，因此答案很可能就是C。(提示：如果被選項中有2處及2處以上的結構與空格所在的上下文詞匯／時態(tài)形成呼應，則該選項成為答案的可能性很大)選項C說“雖然相信他們將會成功，但是她還是列出了農(nóng)田耕作所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)”。接下來的句子說“You don't often get a day off(你沒有放假的時間)．Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to keep prices down(超市給農(nóng)民施加了很多的壓力，要求他們把價格降下去)．”，顯然這些句子是對選項C的內容進行解釋。選項C與空格后句之間的邏輯關系是“概括+分析論述”。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(概括+分析論述)
A．But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather's land(過去時)
B． While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers’Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
F．“Buy British"campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．(現(xiàn)在時)
01iver Robinson,25，grew up on a farm in Yorkshire．____(47)．“I'm sure dad hoped I'd stay，”he said.
A．解析：空格前后句都是過去時態(tài)，由此推斷空格處很可能出現(xiàn)過去時態(tài)的句子，因此首先關注被選項A和E。選項A中的代詞h。與空格后句中的主語he直接呼應，同時也在空格前句中有呼應的內容_____0liver Robinson．因此A可能是答案(A在時態(tài)上，在用詞上均與上下文形成呼應)。實際上，選項A說“但是他從沒有考慮過待在他父親和祖父的農(nóng)場上”，空格前句說“Oliver Robinson,25歲，在約克郡的一個農(nóng)場上長大”，顯然選項A的內容正好與空格前句內容形成邏輯上的轉折關系。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(轉折關系)
提示：被選項中如果出現(xiàn)了“but，however，nevertheless，moreover，furthermore。what，S more，on the other hand，on the one hand，on the contrary，also，too，as well”等邏輯連詞／邏輯副詞(結構)，則該被選項成為答案的可能性較大。
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything-what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
F．“Buy British”campaigns urge(鼓勵)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods．(現(xiàn)在時)
Farming is a big political issue in the UK______．(48)．The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms，stopped meat exports，and raised public consciousness of troubles in UK farming．
F．解析：空格前句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，空格后句為一般過去時(句子中含有標志過去的時間詞2001)，因此推斷空格所在句群的基調時態(tài)可能為現(xiàn)在時，由此推斷答案可能來自B，D和F。從詞語的使用來看，選項B中的farmers能與空格前句中的詞語形成呼應：farmers—farmin9；也能與空格后句中的詞語形成呼應：farmer— farms～farmin9，因此B成為答案的可能性較大。但實際上把B放入空格中旬意不通順：空格前句說“在英國農(nóng)耕是一個很大的政治問題”，空格后句說“2001年那場危機關閉了數(shù)以千計的農(nóng)場，停止了肉類的出口，使公眾意識到英國農(nóng)耕遇到的問題”，因此選項B(雖然大多數(shù)人從大超市購買食物，數(shù)以百計的自由市場變得越來越受歡迎)放入空格中上下文的語意不通。因為空格前后既沒有提到城市(或與城市相對應的農(nóng)村)，也沒有提到年輕人(或與年輕人相對應的老年人／成年人／孩子)，因此D也不應該出現(xiàn)在空格中(提示：前后句應該主題相關)，因此答案最可能是F(提倡“買英國人的東西”的運動鼓勵消費者不要買便宜的進口商品)。其實F是例子，用于解釋說明前句所提出的觀點“在英國農(nóng)耕是一個很大的政治問題”。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(觀點句+舉例說明)
提示：如果空格前句是觀點句或概括句，則空格處常出現(xiàn)用于論證觀點的“例子”或對概括句／觀點句進行解釋的話語。
B．While most people buy food from the big supermarkets，hundreds of independent Farmers，Markets are becoming popular．(現(xiàn)在時)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything—what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the issue．This national concern spells(帶來)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermarkets．________(49)．
B．解析：空格前句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，空格所在段落的段首句為一般過去時(句子中含有標志過去的時間詞2005)，由此推斷空格所在句群的基調時態(tài)可能為現(xiàn)在時，由此推斷答案可能來自B和D。選項B中的supermarket和farmers分別與空格前句中的supermarkets和farmers形成呼應，因此選項B很可能是答案?？崭袂熬湔f“這種全國上下的關注給正在與強大的超市進行競爭的農(nóng)民帶來了希望”，選項B說“雖然大多數(shù)人從大超市購買食物，數(shù)以百計的自由市場變得越來越受歡迎”。從這兩個句子所表述的意義來看，空格前句提出觀點(給農(nóng)民帶來了希望)，選項B對空格前句提出的觀點進行解釋(數(shù)以百計的自由市場變得越來越受歡迎)。
考點：上下文之間的意義關系(觀點句+解釋)
D．Young people prefer to live in cities(現(xiàn)在時)
E．I seriously objected to the super—sizing of everything－what exactly Do they put on our apples to make so big and red?(過去時)
“I started going to Farmers’s Markets in direct defiance(藐視)of the big supermarkets．
_______(50)．It’s terrible，”said Londoner Michael Samson．
E．解析：空格前句是過去時態(tài)，空格后句也是過去時態(tài)，因此空格處很可能出現(xiàn)過去時態(tài)的句子，因此E很可能是答案。選項E說“我反對任何超級型號的東西一他們究竟在我們的蘋果上放了什么以使這些蘋果變得又大又紅?”，空格后句說“它是可怕的”，從句意來看，空格后句中的代詞it應該指代空格處句子的句意。選項E提到“對蘋果作了一些處理使這些蘋果變得又大又紅”，這顯然是“可怕的”，因此選項E放在空格處時E下文意義通順。實際上，選項E與空格前句(我開始去自由市場以表達我對大超市的藐視)之間形成意義上的遞進關系。
考點。上下文之間的意義關系(遞進關系)