Text 2
About ten men in every hundred suffer from colour blindness in some way; women are luckier only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. There are different forms of colour blindness. A man may not be able to see deep red.
He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed.
In certain occupations colour blindness can be dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully. For example, when fighting at night, soldiers use lights of flares to signal to each other. A green light may mean “Advance” and a red light may mean “Danger! Keep back!”, You can see what will happen if somebody thinks that red is green! Colour blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”, These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colours. There are also millions of “rods” but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but not colour. Wait until it is dark tonight, then go outside. Look round you and try to see what colors you can recognize.
Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colours. As far as we know, bats and adult owls cannot see colours at all only light and dark shapes. Similarly cats and dogs cannot see colours as well as we can.
Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to us, and some of them can even see Xrays. The wings of a moth may seem grey and dull to us, but to insects they may appear beautiful, showing colours which we cannot see. Scientists know that there are other colours around us which insects can see but which we cannot see. Some insects have favorite colours. Mosquitoes like blue, but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will.
51. Among people who suffer from colour blindness, .
［A］ some may see everything in shades of green
［B］ few can tell the difference between blue and green
［C］ few may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green
［D］ very few may think that everything in the world is in green
52. When millions of rods in our eyes are at work in darkness we can see.
［A］ colours only
［B］ shapes and colours
［C］ shapes only
［D］ darkness only
53. According to the passage, bats and adult owls cannot see colours.
［A］ because they hunt at night
［B］ because they cannot see light
［C］ because they have no cones and rods
［D］ because they have no cones
54. According to the passage, dogs and cats.
［A］ as well as human beings can not see some colours
［B］ have fewer cones than human beings
［C］ have less rods than human beings
［D］ can see colours as well as human beings
55. Which of the following is not true about insects?
［A］ Insects can see more colours than human beings.
［B］ Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to men.
［C］ All insects have their favorite colours.
［D］ The world is more colorful to insects than to human beings.
Text 3
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, wellauthenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child had ever believed that it was.
56. In the writer s opinion, a fairy tale .
［A］ cannot be read to children without variation because they find no pleasure in it
［B］ will be more effective if it is adapted by parents
［C］ must be made easy so that children can read it on their own
［D］ is no longer needed in developing children s power of memory
57. According to the passage, some people who are openly against fairy tales argue that .
［A］ fairy tales are harmful to children in that they show the primitive cruelty in children
［B］ fairy tales are harmful to children unless they have been adapted by their parent
［C］ fairy tales increase a tendency to sadism in children
［D］ children who have read fairy stories pay little attention to the study of history and mechanics
58. In the writer s opinion to rid children of fears, fairy stories should be.
［A］ told only once
［B］ repeated many times
［C］ told in a realistic setting
［D］ presented vividly
59. In the writer s opinion, fairy stories .
［A］ have a very bad effect on children
［B］ have advantages in cultivating children s imagniativity
［C］ help children to come to terms with fears
［D］ harm children greatly
60. According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true about fairy stories?
［A］ If children indulged his fantasies in fairy tales instead of being
taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics the world should be full of madman.
［B］ Children can often be greatly terrified when the fairy story is heard for the first time.
［C］ Fairy tales may beneficially direct children s aggressive, destructive and sadistic impulses.
［D］ Fairy tales are no more than stories about imaginary figures with magical powers which has nothing to do with external world.
About ten men in every hundred suffer from colour blindness in some way; women are luckier only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. There are different forms of colour blindness. A man may not be able to see deep red.
He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green—a strange world indeed.
In certain occupations colour blindness can be dangerous and candidates are tested most carefully. For example, when fighting at night, soldiers use lights of flares to signal to each other. A green light may mean “Advance” and a red light may mean “Danger! Keep back!”, You can see what will happen if somebody thinks that red is green! Colour blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called “cones”, These help to see in a bright light and to tell the difference between colours. There are also millions of “rods” but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark. They show us shape but not colour. Wait until it is dark tonight, then go outside. Look round you and try to see what colors you can recognize.
Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all, so they cannot see colours. As far as we know, bats and adult owls cannot see colours at all only light and dark shapes. Similarly cats and dogs cannot see colours as well as we can.
Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to us, and some of them can even see Xrays. The wings of a moth may seem grey and dull to us, but to insects they may appear beautiful, showing colours which we cannot see. Scientists know that there are other colours around us which insects can see but which we cannot see. Some insects have favorite colours. Mosquitoes like blue, but do not like yellow. A red light will not attract insects but a blue lamp will.
51. Among people who suffer from colour blindness, .
［A］ some may see everything in shades of green
［B］ few can tell the difference between blue and green
［C］ few may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green
［D］ very few may think that everything in the world is in green
52. When millions of rods in our eyes are at work in darkness we can see.
［A］ colours only
［B］ shapes and colours
［C］ shapes only
［D］ darkness only
53. According to the passage, bats and adult owls cannot see colours.
［A］ because they hunt at night
［B］ because they cannot see light
［C］ because they have no cones and rods
［D］ because they have no cones
54. According to the passage, dogs and cats.
［A］ as well as human beings can not see some colours
［B］ have fewer cones than human beings
［C］ have less rods than human beings
［D］ can see colours as well as human beings
55. Which of the following is not true about insects?
［A］ Insects can see more colours than human beings.
［B］ Insects can see ultraviolet rays which are invisible to men.
［C］ All insects have their favorite colours.
［D］ The world is more colorful to insects than to human beings.
Text 3
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, wellauthenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, twoheaded dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child had ever believed that it was.
56. In the writer s opinion, a fairy tale .
［A］ cannot be read to children without variation because they find no pleasure in it
［B］ will be more effective if it is adapted by parents
［C］ must be made easy so that children can read it on their own
［D］ is no longer needed in developing children s power of memory
57. According to the passage, some people who are openly against fairy tales argue that .
［A］ fairy tales are harmful to children in that they show the primitive cruelty in children
［B］ fairy tales are harmful to children unless they have been adapted by their parent
［C］ fairy tales increase a tendency to sadism in children
［D］ children who have read fairy stories pay little attention to the study of history and mechanics
58. In the writer s opinion to rid children of fears, fairy stories should be.
［A］ told only once
［B］ repeated many times
［C］ told in a realistic setting
［D］ presented vividly
59. In the writer s opinion, fairy stories .
［A］ have a very bad effect on children
［B］ have advantages in cultivating children s imagniativity
［C］ help children to come to terms with fears
［D］ harm children greatly
60. According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true about fairy stories?
［A］ If children indulged his fantasies in fairy tales instead of being
taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics the world should be full of madman.
［B］ Children can often be greatly terrified when the fairy story is heard for the first time.
［C］ Fairy tales may beneficially direct children s aggressive, destructive and sadistic impulses.
［D］ Fairy tales are no more than stories about imaginary figures with magical powers which has nothing to do with external world.