對(duì)于許多新初三的同學(xué)們來說，課本在第一模塊復(fù)習(xí)常見時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上，從第二模塊開始進(jìn)行被動(dòng)語態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是整個(gè)初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重難點(diǎn)。許多初學(xué)者對(duì)這個(gè)全新的英語語法不熟悉，學(xué)習(xí)起來有些困難，但被動(dòng)語態(tài)卻是整個(gè)初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重頭戲，也關(guān)系到以后的英語學(xué)習(xí)。所以大家一定要把它學(xué)好，教材將這一部分內(nèi)容安排到初三來學(xué)，也是考慮到大家經(jīng)過初一、初二兩年的英語學(xué)習(xí)后，有了一定的基礎(chǔ)，相信大家有能力學(xué)好這部分內(nèi)容。下面我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
一、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別
先看兩個(gè)例句：
1.Many people speak Chinese.
2.Chinese is spoken by many people.
1句是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。即speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。2句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。
二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are＋spoken
2．一般過去時(shí)：was/were＋spoken
3．一般將來時(shí)：will/shall be＋spoken
4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being＋spoken
5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been＋spoken
6．含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋spoken。
提醒大家注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的兩部分缺一不可，并且在這部分的學(xué)習(xí)中要經(jīng)常遇到不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，大家要把不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式、過去分詞復(fù)習(xí)一下。
三、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。
例如：Some new bikes were stolen last night.一些新自行車在昨晚被盜了。（不知道自行車是誰偷的）
This house was built in 1981.這座房子竣工于1981年。
（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Tom.玻璃杯是湯姆打破的。
This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。
四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
（1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。
（2）把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞） （根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。
（3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him.
五、由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致
He bought a new car last month.→A new car was bought by him last month.
2.含有短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般來說，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。另外，許多不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面也可加賓語。在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，注意不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞，常見的這類短語動(dòng)詞有：take care of，look after，take off，look at，listen to，laugh at等。如：She is looking for you now.→You are being looked for by her now.
They laughed at him at the meeting.→He was laughed at by them at the meeting.
3.帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式
含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語(指物)不變。另一種情況是把直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語(指人)不變，這時(shí)，間接賓語前通常加介詞to，有時(shí)加for。如：
My mother gave me a watch on my birthday.→I was given a watch (by my mother) on my birthday.(間接賓語作了主語)
A watch was given to me (by my mother) on my birthday.(直接賓語作了主語)
4．[see sb.do sth.]句型改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)
在[see（hear，make，let，watch，etc.）+賓語＋動(dòng)詞不定式（省略to）]的句型中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)須將不定式形式補(bǔ)齊，即加上to。如：He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
Mother never lets me watch TV. →I am never let to watch TV by mother.
5．含有被動(dòng)意義的[have/get+賓語＋過去分詞]
I had(got) my hair cut.我請(qǐng)人給我理了發(fā)。
He had his money stolen.他的錢被人偷了。
Mike had his leg hurt while playing the game.麥克在玩游戲時(shí)腿受傷了。
一、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別
先看兩個(gè)例句：
1.Many people speak Chinese.
2.Chinese is spoken by many people.
1句是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。即speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。2句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。
二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are＋spoken
2．一般過去時(shí)：was/were＋spoken
3．一般將來時(shí)：will/shall be＋spoken
4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being＋spoken
5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been＋spoken
6．含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋spoken。
提醒大家注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的兩部分缺一不可，并且在這部分的學(xué)習(xí)中要經(jīng)常遇到不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，大家要把不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式、過去分詞復(fù)習(xí)一下。
三、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)
（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。
例如：Some new bikes were stolen last night.一些新自行車在昨晚被盜了。（不知道自行車是誰偷的）
This house was built in 1981.這座房子竣工于1981年。
（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Tom.玻璃杯是湯姆打破的。
This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。
四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
（1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。
（2）把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞） （根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。
（3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him.
五、由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致
He bought a new car last month.→A new car was bought by him last month.
2.含有短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般來說，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。另外，許多不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面也可加賓語。在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，注意不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞，常見的這類短語動(dòng)詞有：take care of，look after，take off，look at，listen to，laugh at等。如：She is looking for you now.→You are being looked for by her now.
They laughed at him at the meeting.→He was laughed at by them at the meeting.
3.帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式
含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語(指物)不變。另一種情況是把直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語(指人)不變，這時(shí)，間接賓語前通常加介詞to，有時(shí)加for。如：
My mother gave me a watch on my birthday.→I was given a watch (by my mother) on my birthday.(間接賓語作了主語)
A watch was given to me (by my mother) on my birthday.(直接賓語作了主語)
4．[see sb.do sth.]句型改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)
在[see（hear，make，let，watch，etc.）+賓語＋動(dòng)詞不定式（省略to）]的句型中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)須將不定式形式補(bǔ)齊，即加上to。如：He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
Mother never lets me watch TV. →I am never let to watch TV by mother.
5．含有被動(dòng)意義的[have/get+賓語＋過去分詞]
I had(got) my hair cut.我請(qǐng)人給我理了發(fā)。
He had his money stolen.他的錢被人偷了。
Mike had his leg hurt while playing the game.麥克在玩游戲時(shí)腿受傷了。