職稱英語語法:第五講2

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四)第四句型:主語 + 及物動詞 + 雙賓語
    有些動詞(主要是"授予動詞")后面需要或可以接雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu),如:give, write, buy, send, make等
    You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.
    這個句子也可使用以下結(jié)構(gòu):
    You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 "to" 和 "for" 是連接雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的重要介詞。
    該句型的重點是要記住以下短語,特別是所用的介詞:
    to cure … of(治愈…)
    to accuse …of(譴責…)
    to convince… of(說服…)
    to inform… of(通知…)
    to notify… of (通知…)
    to clean… of (清除…)
    to warn…… of / against (警告…)
    to cheat… of(欺騙)
    to rob… of(搶劫…)
    例如:
    We have to inform the family of the patient's condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patient's condition? (我們得盡快將病人的病情通知其家屬。/ 已經(jīng)將病人的病情通知其家人了嗎?)
    注意下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)變化:
    May I ask you a question? → May I ask a question of you?
    直接和間接賓語的位置與上面短語有何不同?
    (五)第五句型:主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語
    先回顧一下本講第一節(jié)中有關(guān)賓語和賓語補足語的概念。
    這個句型也是考試的重點,主要有三個難點:
    1) 要不要 "to"的問題:
    The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你馬上就來。)
    句中to come 是賓語you的補足語。也就是說,當賓語補足語是動詞時,一般要用 "to"連接。但是,以下情況例外:
    n make, let, have等使役動詞,如:
    Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他來嗎?)
    I won't have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容許":我決不容許他欺騙我)
    上述句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,一般要加 "to",如:
    The nurse made the patient eat something. (護士讓病人吃了點東西。)
    →The patient was made to eat something.
    有時,賓語補足語也可用 -ing形式,如:
    His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑話使我們笑了幾分鐘。- 注意后面的時間狀語for a couple of minutes)
    記住下面重要表達方式:
    to have / get (something) done, 如:
    I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
    n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感覺動詞:
    使用原則與上述大致相同。
    2) 要不要 "it"的問題:
    先看兩個句子:
    We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有時我們發(fā)現(xiàn)要改掉一個壞習(xí)慣很難。)該句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括號部分(動詞不定式)為賓語,difficult為賓語補足語
    The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(醫(yī)生已經(jīng)跟你說得很清楚了,你的胃沒有什么問題。)該句的原始結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括號部分(句子)為賓語,clear為賓語補足語
    歸納:
    n 在主語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語結(jié)構(gòu)中,當賓語是"動詞不定式"或"句子"時,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何詞)作形式賓語,將動詞不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
    n 考試時,判斷要不要 "it",主要看句子后面有沒有"動詞不定式"或"句子",若有,要選 "it"
    n 賓語、賓語補足語倒裝:當賓語(名詞)較長,賓語補足語較短(往往是1個形容詞,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)時,為了句子結(jié)構(gòu)均衡,往往采用倒裝,這里不存在"it"的使用問題, 對下句作出判斷:
    The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超聲波的出現(xiàn)使許多致命疾病的早期診斷成為可能。)
    A. it possible
    B. possible
    C. it is
    D. it
    該題的正確答案應(yīng)為B,因為句子采用了倒裝形式,原結(jié)構(gòu)為:
    The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
    賓語 補足語
    3) 記住以下短語:
    to take…as(把…當作…)
    to think of…as(把…看作…)
    to regard…as(把…看作…)
    to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
    關(guān)于五個基本句型,重點要掌握每個句型的出題點,舉一反三。