高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全第一部分 詞法(第十一章 代詞)

字號(hào):

第11章 代詞
    一.概念:
     代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
    二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
    1.人稱代詞
    1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格,如下表所示。
    2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如:
     I like table tennis. (作主語(yǔ))
    Do you knowhim?(作賓語(yǔ))
    3)人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如:
    ---Whos is knocking at the door?
    ---It’s me.
    4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用主格和賓格都可以。如:
    He is older than me.
    He is older thanI am.
    2. 物主代詞
    1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
    物主代詞,如下表所示。
    2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:
     Our teacher is coming to see us.
     This is her pencil-box.
    3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
     Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語(yǔ))
     --- Is this English-book yours? (作表語(yǔ))
    --- No. Mine is in my bag.
     I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語(yǔ))
    3. 指示代詞
     指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。
    1) this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those
    則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人,例如:
     This is a pen andthat is a pencil.
     We are busy these days.
     Inthose days the workers had a hard time.
    2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物,this 和these則是指下面將要講
    到的事物,例如:
    I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
     What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
    3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,??捎胻hat或those代替,例如:
     Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
     4)this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己,that 則代表對(duì)方。例如:
     Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
    4. 反身代詞
     英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我們自己","你們自己"
    等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如表所示。
     反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)。
     1)作賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人
    或一些人。
     He called himself a writer.
     Would you please express yourself in English? 
    2)作表語(yǔ)。
     It doesn't matter.I'll be myself soon.
     The girl in the news is myself.
     3)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),表示親自或本人。
     I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
     You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))