成人英語三級:語法(一)

字號:

定冠詞限定名詞時主要表示特指,針對TOEFL應注意以下幾點:
    (1) the和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,表示一類人或物,如:
    the fern(蕨類), the wallflower
    (2) 序數(shù)詞之前必須用the,如:
    the first woman, the nineteenth century
    但前面有物主代詞時除外,如 my first baby
    (3) 形容詞級之前必須用the(有物主代詞時除外),如:
    the largest city, the most advanced technology
    (4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:
    the development of the watch,
    (5) 世界上獨一無二的東西前應加the, 如:
    the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
    在下列情況下,一般不用the:
    (1) 表示人名、地名、國家名等專有名詞前, 一般不加,如:
    Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語), February(二月),
    America(美
    國)
    但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時要加上the
    the Great Lakes(美國五大湖), the Changjiang River(長江)
    (2) 無特指的不可數(shù)名詞前,如:
    algebra(代數(shù)學), advertising, accounting(會計學)
    (3) 表示類別的復數(shù)名詞前,如:
    Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動物) hatch from…
    (4) 一些固定詞組中,如:
    in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in
    bed
    乘車的詞組:
    by train(乘火車), by car (乘汽車), by bicycle(騎腳踏車),
    by bus (乘公共汽車),
    by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air
    (通過航空)
    on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機), by ship (乘船),
    打球的詞組:
    play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
    注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無均可, 如:He was elected (the)
    chairman of t
    he committee.
    不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞和不可數(shù)名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數(shù)名
    詞:
    much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的)
    little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數(shù)名
    詞
    專用
    另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,
    the re
    st of, plenty of等既可接可數(shù)名詞又可接不可數(shù)名詞。
    有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長”、“ 比…..優(yōu)越”等含義,因此也就沒有比
    較級
    和級。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和
    to連用
    ,而不和than連用。
    有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒有級和比較級。如:
    absolute(絕對的), unique(獨一無二的), infinite(無限的), round(圓的),
    right(對
    的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯誤的), perfect(完美的),這類形容詞往往被稱
    為絕
    對形容詞
    對于most來講,除了構成某些詞級外,most的用法有幾點需要注意,經常成為
    改錯
    題的考點:
    1. 當most表示大多數(shù)時,之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來表示大多數(shù),分別
    為:
    most + 名詞,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
    most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us,
     m
    ost of the modern artists
    2. most有時意思等同于very, 此時most之前用不定冠詞,如:
    a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
    例題:
    (1)
    The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.    
    A        B   C     D
    答案:A
    應改為:Most
    解釋:most只有在表示形容詞級作定語時需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數(shù)”,
    沒必
    要加the.
    Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the
    nonme
    tals
        A          B      C
    oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
           D
    考點:程度副詞
    答案:D
    應改為:still more
    解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級more時,應置于其前
    幾點參考規(guī)則:
    1. 多數(shù)副詞放在修飾的動詞之后,若動詞有賓語則放在賓語之后,如:
    She sings very well.
    I met your uncle(動詞的賓語) just now.
    I met just now your uncle (錯)
    2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語、副詞時常放在被修飾成分之前,如:
    These two are only slightly different.
    right after this, very smoothly
    當然,副詞enough是一個例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:
    I am not good enough to do this job. (對)
    I am not enough good to do this job. (錯)
    3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實意動詞之前,be動詞之后,如:
    He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實意動詞) tennis.
    He is always here at 8’clock. (be動詞之后)
    4. 部分副詞的位置沒有一定的規(guī)定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:
    only, even, still, perhaps, etc.