第二講 抓主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
這是理清原文結(jié)構(gòu)，搭建譯文整體框架的關(guān)鍵。譬如下面這樣一道題：
考題實(shí)例：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. （2001）
此句中的主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)為：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world；皮爾森匯集了世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果；
目的狀語為：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar（用以）編制一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷；
兩個(gè)定語從句分別為：calendar that gives the latest dates列出了最遲日期的千年歷，和the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place我們可以期待的數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期（知道它們何時(shí)將會(huì)發(fā)生）。
進(jìn)行上述結(jié)構(gòu)分析之后，我們便可以順著原文的語序來翻譯出此句：
皮爾森匯集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果，編制了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷，歷中列出了人們可望看到的數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。
再如下面一例：
考題實(shí)例：The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than 100 years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（2002）
此句為由連詞and連接而成的并列句，其并列主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為：The role of natural selection…was formulated …, and the selective role of …is only beginning to …自然選擇的作用被闡明，而選擇作用則剛剛開始……。其余成分分別為定語和狀語。其中in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual為the selective role的狀語。經(jīng)過結(jié)構(gòu)分析、調(diào)整，我們可得出以下譯文：
自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在100多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。
翻譯下面句子：
1.假如老板發(fā)現(xiàn)你經(jīng)常在辦公室打私人長(zhǎng)途電話，他準(zhǔn)會(huì)很生氣。
2．我通宵用功，生怕通不過考試。
3。How many of us attending a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be active in the discussion?
請(qǐng)找出這句句子的主句與修飾成分，如果有時(shí)間再翻譯一下.
1. (1) The boss would be angry if he should discover you often make personal long distance calls in the office.
(2) The boss would hit the roof if he should ever find out you often make private long distance calls in the office.
2. (1) For fear that I might not be able to pass the exam, I studied all night.
(2) I studied all night so I wouldn't fail the test.
(3) I studied all night because I feared failing the test.
3.如果讓我們參加一個(gè)與自身無關(guān)的會(huì)議 ，那么我們中有多少人會(huì)積極參與討論呢？
主句：how many of us would be active in the discussion?
修飾成分：attending a meeting 修飾 us
that is irrelevant to us修飾meeting
這是理清原文結(jié)構(gòu)，搭建譯文整體框架的關(guān)鍵。譬如下面這樣一道題：
考題實(shí)例：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. （2001）
此句中的主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)為：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world；皮爾森匯集了世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果；
目的狀語為：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar（用以）編制一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷；
兩個(gè)定語從句分別為：calendar that gives the latest dates列出了最遲日期的千年歷，和the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place我們可以期待的數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期（知道它們何時(shí)將會(huì)發(fā)生）。
進(jìn)行上述結(jié)構(gòu)分析之后，我們便可以順著原文的語序來翻譯出此句：
皮爾森匯集世界各地?cái)?shù)百位研究人員的成果，編制了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的新技術(shù)千年歷，歷中列出了人們可望看到的數(shù)百項(xiàng)重大突破和發(fā)現(xiàn)的最遲日期。
再如下面一例：
考題實(shí)例：The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than 100 years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.（2002）
此句為由連詞and連接而成的并列句，其并列主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為：The role of natural selection…was formulated …, and the selective role of …is only beginning to …自然選擇的作用被闡明，而選擇作用則剛剛開始……。其余成分分別為定語和狀語。其中in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual為the selective role的狀語。經(jīng)過結(jié)構(gòu)分析、調(diào)整，我們可得出以下譯文：
自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在100多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。
翻譯下面句子：
1.假如老板發(fā)現(xiàn)你經(jīng)常在辦公室打私人長(zhǎng)途電話，他準(zhǔn)會(huì)很生氣。
2．我通宵用功，生怕通不過考試。
3。How many of us attending a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be active in the discussion?
請(qǐng)找出這句句子的主句與修飾成分，如果有時(shí)間再翻譯一下.
1. (1) The boss would be angry if he should discover you often make personal long distance calls in the office.
(2) The boss would hit the roof if he should ever find out you often make private long distance calls in the office.
2. (1) For fear that I might not be able to pass the exam, I studied all night.
(2) I studied all night so I wouldn't fail the test.
(3) I studied all night because I feared failing the test.
3.如果讓我們參加一個(gè)與自身無關(guān)的會(huì)議 ，那么我們中有多少人會(huì)積極參與討論呢？
主句：how many of us would be active in the discussion?
修飾成分：attending a meeting 修飾 us
that is irrelevant to us修飾meeting