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新概念英語第2冊重要句型語法Lesson28
一、重要句型語法
現(xiàn)在完成時
本課側(cè)重的是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性詞語的用法。如:already/just/never/ever/yet。此外,還有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語或短語的用法。如:so far/up till/to now;three times;have been to/have gone to;since/for等。
二、課文主要語言點
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 1)one of those who后面的謂語動詞多用單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)也可以。但是,如果是the only one of who后面的謂語動詞就只能用單數(shù)。 2)rare,稀有的、很少。其副詞為rarely,表示很少,是否定副詞。 3)believe in,相信、信任某人或某物。注意與believe(相信某人的話)的區(qū)別。 4)ancient,古代的、古老的。 5)myth,神話。
He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. 1)just是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性詞語。 2)ever since,自從。與since意思和用法相同,都是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性詞語。 3)have trouble with sth.,碰到…麻煩。如果have trouble后接動詞,則采用in doing的形式,即have trouble in doing,其中的in一般都會省略。 4)owner,主人。源自動詞own(擁有)。
When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. 1)return home,回到家里。相當(dāng)于come back home。 2)park a car,停車(車子熄火,人離開)。注意與stop a car的區(qū)別(暫停不熄火,人在車?yán)?。
Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. 1)because of,因為、由于。介詞短語,后面只能接單詞或短語,不能接句子。 2)be able to,得以。表示好不容易才能夠。 3)get…into…,把…放到…
Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. 1)put up,張貼。 2)No Doing,標(biāo)牌用語,表示禁止。如No Spitting,禁止隨地吐痰。 3)have an effect,有影響。如果要表示對…有影響,則采用have an effect on/upon…
Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. It is one of the +高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+sb.+have/has ever done,這是某人...的等…的...。其中,I have ever seen是作為faces的定語從句,省略了在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that。
I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. 1)what it was作為asked的賓語從句,所以要采用陳述句語序。 2)Medusa,美杜莎。希臘神話中的一個女妖,高哥(Gorgon)三女妖之一。她的頭發(fā)都是蛇。據(jù)說她原是一位美麗的少女。
Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet! 1)turn…to…,把…變成.. 2)none of sb….yet,沒有一個...
三、讀寫重點
注意并列復(fù)合句的運用:He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. 句中的but引導(dǎo)的是第一層關(guān)系的并列句,然后在but分句中含有由ever since引導(dǎo)第二層關(guān)系的時間狀語從句,所以整個句子為并列復(fù)合句
新概念英語第2冊重要句型語法Lesson29
重要句型或語法
一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時
本課側(cè)重的是這兩種時態(tài)的對比。一般過去時側(cè)重的是描述過去發(fā)生了某事,而現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重的是發(fā)生在過去的事情對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。如:
The captain's first passenger was a doctor.
Since then, he has flown passengers to many unusual places.
課文主要語言點
Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. 1)注意captain在這里用作頭銜的稱呼,放在人名前面。無論是否在句首,首字母都要大寫。 比如:President Obama。 2)unusual,不尋常的。源自usual(平常的,常見的)。 3)service,服務(wù)、業(yè)務(wù)。源自動詞serve。
The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. 1)taxi在此打引號,是因為這個不是真正餓出租車,而是“飛的”。 2)Swiss,瑞士的。其名詞形式為Switzerland。 3)aeroplane,飛機(jī)。這是英式英語的拼寫,美式英語的拼寫為airplane。都可以簡化為plane,而且英國人也越來越多地使用airplane了。 4)Pilatus,皮拉圖斯,是瑞士一家飛機(jī)制造公司。Pilatus也是一座山的名字,位于瑞士盧塞恩西南側(cè)15公里處,乘坐世界上傾斜率大的軌道列車,觀賞令人嘆為觀止的山峰全景和白雪皚皚的阿爾卑斯山。
This wonderful plane can carry seven passsengers. 1)wondeful,極好的、精彩的。源自名詞wonder(奇跡)。 2)carry,承載、運輸。 3)注意passenger(乘客)的拼寫。
The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. 1)the most surprising,可復(fù)習(xí)一下由分詞轉(zhuǎn)化過來的形容詞的比較級和高級,無論其多少個音節(jié),都要用more和the most。如:more slowly, the most slowly。 2)注意however(然而)的用法:位于句首開頭時,后面要用逗號與主句隔開;位于句中時,前后都要用逗號隔開;位于句末是,前面要用逗號隔開。 3)本句中的that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。 4)plough,耕種。
Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. 1)這句話開始描述過去發(fā)生的事情了,所以要用一般過去時。 2)注意fly的過去式和過去分詞為flew和flown。 3)lonely,偏僻的、人跡罕至的。常用意思為孤獨的。注意與alone(獨自的)的區(qū)別alone能作后置定語,不能作前置定語。 4)Welsh,威爾士的。名詞形式為Wales(Wales)。
Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. 1)since then,自從那之后。這是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性時間狀語。 2)fly sb. to somewhere,用飛機(jī)載某人到某地。
Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. 1)block,街區(qū);大樓。 2)on…occasion,在…場合下。 3)desert,這里用作動詞,表示拋棄、廢棄。注意其發(fā)音為[dɪ'zɜ:t]。當(dāng)用作名詞時,表示沙漠,發(fā)音為['dezət] 。 4)car park,停車場。這里的park是指停車場。
Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. 1)just,剛剛,是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志性詞語。 2)refuse,拒絕。如果直接接名詞、代詞及其短語,則直接用作refuse sb./sth.,但如果后接動詞,則用作refuse to do。 3)request,禮貌的請求、要求。也可用作動詞,用法為request sth. from sb.,也可用作request sb. to do sth.。
The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous. 1)a lonely island用作Rockall的同位語,補充說明其具體位置。 2)the Atlantic Ocean,大西洋??山榻B四大洋及其英語名稱:the Pacific Ocean、the Indian Ocean、the Arctic Ocean。 3)take,相當(dāng)于前面的fly或carry。 4)dangerous,危險的。源自danger(危險)。
讀寫重點
1、注意課文后一句話的結(jié)構(gòu),該句為并列復(fù)合句,即第一層關(guān)系是由but引導(dǎo)的并列句,而在but后面的分句中又含有一個由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。
2、注意not…because…的運用。有時運用不當(dāng),會引起歧義。如:
He didn't go to the party because she was there.
在沒有上下文的情況下,這句話有兩種含義:
He didn't go to the party, because she was there.或 He went to the party, not because she was there.
新概念英語第2冊重要句型語法Lesson30
重要句型或語法
冠詞
本課側(cè)重的是人名和地名前的一般不加冠詞,但在海洋、河流、山脈和部分國名前要加定冠詞the。如:
John lives in England.
It can get very rough in the Mediterrean.
課文主要語言點
The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.
1)the Wayle,威爾河。河流名稱前用定冠詞,再比如:the Nile,尼羅河。
2)that引導(dǎo)的是限定性定語從句,修飾先行詞river。因為在第一冊中已經(jīng)學(xué)過,所以可以在此復(fù)習(xí)一下先行詞和關(guān)系代詞的用法。
3)cut across,穿過、流過。
I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 1)注意區(qū)分like doing(長久的愛好)和like to do(一時的喜好)。 2)by,在...旁邊。相當(dāng)于near。 3)on fine afternoons,在天氣晴朗的下午。表示在具體什么時間的下午,要用介詞on。fine,相當(dāng)于sunny,表示晴朗的。
It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
1)注意時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。因為前面的內(nèi)容是在描述客觀情況,所以采用的是一般現(xiàn)在時,但是從本句開始描述的是上周日發(fā)生的事情,所以要采用一般過去時和其他過去時態(tài)。
2)注意bank的一詞多義。
3)as usual,和往常一樣。
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
1)play games,玩游戲。注意要么用play a game,要么用play games,不能用play game,因為game是可數(shù)名詞。
2)rowing on the river其實是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語,用來修飾people。其完整形式為:that/who were rowing on the river。當(dāng)定語從句所修飾的先行詞在從句中作主語,而且謂語動詞采用了進(jìn)行時的時候,一般都可以把該定語從句改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。
Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat.
1)suddenly,突然地。此處用逗號隔開,對后文可以起到很好的強調(diào)作用。
2)此處的and引導(dǎo)的并列句,可以改為so...that...結(jié)果狀語從句,即得:Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball so hard that it went towards a passing boat.
3)passing,經(jīng)過的。
Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
1)on the bank,在岸上。
2)call out,大叫、大喊。
3)注意區(qū)分listen to(聽著)和hear(聽到)。此外,注意listen是不及物動詞,后面要跟to才能接賓語。
The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
1)strike,擊打、重?fù)?。注意其過去式為struck,但過去分詞既可能是struck,也可能是stricken。
2)so...that...引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句,其中so修飾的是形容詞或副詞。如果要修飾名詞,則要采用such。如:She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.
3)nearly,幾乎。
I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away!
1)turn to do,轉(zhuǎn)身做某事。注意turn to sb.表示向某人求助。
2)in sight,視線所及。
3)此處的冒號起著解釋說明作用。
4)run away,逃跑。
The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
1)注意區(qū)分laugh(大笑)與smile(微笑)。此外,laugh at表示嘲笑。
2)注意realize的讀音,還與它源自real,加了后綴-ize,表示實現(xiàn)。
3)可解釋為什么此處的happen要用過去完成時。
He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the chidren.
1)call out to sb.,對某人大喊。
2)throw...back to sb.,把某物扔回給某人。
讀寫重點
當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜時,如何把從句改為短語結(jié)構(gòu)來簡化。如課文中的...there were some people rowing on the river,就是把定語從句改為了現(xiàn)在分詞短語。