20. Was ready to finance efforts to overthrow the Marxist government of Chile whose President was Salvadore Allende. 愿意資助*以薩爾瓦多？阿連德為總統(tǒng)的智利馬克思主義政府的種種嘗試。
1） ready to do sth.： willing and eager to do sth.愿意并很迫切做……。
又如： They're always ready to lend a helping hand.
他們一貫樂于助人。
Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss her shoestrings.
勞拉愛他，他都樂于吻她的鞋帶。
2） Salvadore Allende：薩爾瓦多·阿連德（1908-1973），智利社會(huì)黨創(chuàng)建人和領(lǐng)袖，1970-1973年任智利總統(tǒng)，1973年9月在軍事政變中殉職。他執(zhí)政期間做了不少有利于人民的事情。西方反動(dòng)勢(shì)力慣于把推行諸如土地改革、注重人民衛(wèi)生健康等政策的左派政府稱為馬克思主義政府。 此處不定式to overthrow……Salvadore Allende作定語(yǔ)，修飾efforts.
21. In this category， we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms or major petrochemical and construction contracts.——（One type/form of bribery in the second category includes large payments made to important and influential people such as ruling families or their close advisers in order to get contracts involving large amounts of money.）
ruling family： the family that has control over a country， e.g.， a king in a kingdom， Sheik in some Arab countries統(tǒng)治/執(zhí)政家族
22. In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran， a witness claimed that ￡ 1 million had been paid by a British company to a “go-between” who helped clinch a deal for supply of tanks to that country.——（In a court case， a witness said that in selling weapons to Iran， a British company paid ￡ 1 million to someone who helped it make the sale of tanks to that country.） 在涉及與伊朗進(jìn)行武器交易的案件中，一位證人聲稱一家英國(guó)公司向助其達(dá)成供應(yīng)伊朗坦克的買賣的“中間人”支付了100萬英鎊。
1） to make/conclude/finalize a deal with sb. 與某人做成一筆交易 此處分詞短語(yǔ)involving an arms deal with Iran作定語(yǔ)，修飾a court case.
2） claim that：（未經(jīng)證實(shí)或證明）聲稱，斷言，又如： Some scientist claims that he has found an effective cure for AIDS. 某位科學(xué)家聲稱他已經(jīng)找到了治療艾滋病的有效辦法。
3） 這里“go-between”一詞用了引號(hào)表示并不是真正的中間人，而是統(tǒng)治該國(guó)的家庭的成員或是他們的高參（即本段開始提到的ruling families or their close advisers）。
4） clinch a deal： to conclude a deal successfully：（口語(yǔ)）達(dá)成交易。 deal： an agreement， esp. in business， on certain terms for buying or doing交易
23. Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party funds.——（Other countries have also tried to make foreign companies offer political parties financial support.） 其他國(guó)家也有對(duì)外國(guó)公司施加壓力使其為黨派基金捐款的情況。
1） be known to do sth.： 知其做……，又如： The company is known to have secret dealings with smugglers. 人們都知道這家公司與走分子有秘密來往。 He was known to have worked for the Japanese invaders， so he was unpopular among his neighbours. 眾所周知，他曾為日本入侵者干過事，所以鄰居們都討厭他。
2） put pressure on sb.： to force or try to persuade sb. to do向某人施加壓力 The international community is putting pressure on both sides to stop fighting. 國(guó)際社會(huì)向雙方施加壓力使他們停火。
3）make donations to： 向……捐款。
24.The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project， to speed up the wheels of bureaucracy. （鏈接2） 第二類包含為了使官方更快批準(zhǔn)某個(gè)項(xiàng)目以及為了加快官僚機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作所支付的款項(xiàng)。
1） speed up（sth.）： increase or make sth. increase speed加速；使加速。
又如： They decided to take steps to speed up the reform of the SOEs （state-owned enterprises）。
他們決定采取措施加快國(guó)有企業(yè)的改革。
As he got excited， he noticed that his breathing had speeded up.
他變得激動(dòng)起來，注意到他的呼吸加快了。
2） the wheels of bureaucracy， etc： that which enables bureaucracy， etc. to function 能使……運(yùn)作起來的關(guān)鍵。
25. Finally， he hit upon the answer.最后終于想出了辦法。
hit upon： think of a good idea， etc. suddenly or by chance 突然或偶然想出（好主意等）。
又如： He hit upon a way of making a living.
他偶然想到了一種謀生手段。
He hit upon a perfect name for his grandson.
他突然為他的孫子想到了一個(gè)頂好的名字。
26. Discovering that the minister was a bibliophile， he bought a rare edition of a book， slipped $ 20，000 within its pages， then presented it to the minister. 了解到那位部長(zhǎng)是個(gè)藏書家，他買了一本書的珍稀版本，在書里夾了兩萬美元，然后把書獻(xiàn)給了部長(zhǎng)。
1）discovering that……分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bought.
2）present sth. to sb./sb. with sth.：（尤其指正式場(chǎng)合中）將……獻(xiàn)或頒發(fā)給某人。
又如： The children presented the guests with flowers.
孩子們向客人們獻(xiàn)了花。
Celebrities have been invited to present the awards to the winners.
請(qǐng)了名人給優(yōu)勝者頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。
27. This man examined its contents， then said： “I understand there is a two-volume edition of this book.” 此人查看了書中所含，然后說：“據(jù)我所知，此書有兩卷本的版本。”
contents： the things contained in sth.（房間、盒子和瓶子等里）所放的東西；（書籍的）目錄。 這里contents是雙關(guān)，表面上是指書的內(nèi)容（目錄），實(shí)際指書里夾的錢（即他計(jì)算了書里共夾有多少錢）。
28. The sales manager， who was quick-witted， replied： “My company cannot afford a two-volume edition， sir， but we could offer you a copy with an appendix！”—— （This is an indirect way of saying， “My company cannot afford to double the amount/another $ 20，000， but we could make an extra payment.”）機(jī)智的銷售經(jīng)理回答說：“先生，兩卷本超越了敝公司之財(cái)力，不過我們能為您提供一部帶有附錄的版本?！辈痪弥?，這樁交易獲得批準(zhǔn)。 注意雙方都以暗示的方式，相當(dāng)明確地表達(dá)了各自的要求或承諾，部長(zhǎng)暗示對(duì)方再加兩萬美元，經(jīng)理暗示公司不愿追加如此大的數(shù)目，但可以再少加一筆錢。
quick-witted 機(jī)智的，反應(yīng)機(jī)敏的
29. The third category involves payments made in countries where it is traditional to pay people to facilitate the passage of a business deal.——（In many countries it is common to pay someone to ease the passage of a business deal/to make it possible or easier for a business deal to be concluded. Payments of this type belongs to/go with the third category of bribery.） 第三類是指在一些需要疏通有關(guān)人員生意才能順利進(jìn)行的國(guó)家里（外國(guó)公司）所支付的款子。
1） 此句從made直到結(jié)尾是個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾payments；定語(yǔ)從句where it is traditional……a business deal修飾countries；在此定語(yǔ)從句中，to pay people……a business deal是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)，而to facilitate……deal是目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾to pay people.
2）facilitate： （formal） to make an action or a process possible or easier疏通
The new airport will facilitate tourism.
新機(jī)場(chǎng)將促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)。
30. The payment may be made by a foreign company to ensure that a tender is put on a selective contract list or the company may pay so that an import licence for essential equipment is approved.——（A foreign company may make such payments to get a tender included on a selective contract list so that the company will gin an advantage over some of its competitors. Or perhaps the company offers money so as to get permission to import important equipment for a project.） 為了確保其投標(biāo)項(xiàng)目能夠被列入經(jīng)過篩選的合同名單，或者是為了使其重要設(shè)備的進(jìn)口得以順利批準(zhǔn)，外國(guó)公司可能要為此而支付一筆錢。
1） ensure that： make sure that確?！晒?；保證。
2） tender： a formal statement of the price you would charge for doing a job or providing goods or services報(bào)價(jià)單
3） a selective contract list： a list of companies chosen from among all those that have been entered the bidding
4） so that……為目的狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾pay.
31. Sometimes an expensive gift may be necessary to soften up a government official.——（Sometimes in order to please a government official so that he will do what you ask him to you've got to give him an expensive gift.） 有時(shí)為了使一位政府官員手軟，需要向他饋贈(zèng)一份昂貴的禮物。（即俗話所說：“拿人家的手軟?！保?BR> soften sb. up： （informal） to put sb. in good mood before asking them go do sth. ； make sb. unable or less able to resist being persuaded（口語(yǔ)）使……的態(tài)度軟化。
They treated you well， but it was just to soften you up.
他們對(duì)你不錯(cuò)，但這只不過是為了讓你替他們干事。
32. A common type in this category is the “facilitating payment”-usually a smaller sum of money-made to certain customs officials to clear cargoes.——（Also included in the third category is what is known as “facilitating payment”。 Usually it involves a smaller sum of money given to customs officials to get the goods that have been delivered cleared through customs.） “疏通費(fèi)”是這類賄賂中常見的一種形式，一般數(shù)額不太大，是為了讓貨物順利通過海關(guān)，向海關(guān)官員支付的錢。
1）分詞短語(yǔ) made to customs officials to clear cargoes作定語(yǔ)，修飾the “facilitating payment” “疏通費(fèi)”是這類賄賂中常見的一種形式，一般數(shù)額不太大，是為了讓貨物順利通過海關(guān)，向海關(guān)官員支付的錢。 Usually a smaller sum of money是插入語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說明the “facilitating payment”
2）clear： to give official permission for a person， a ship， a plane or goods to leave or enter a place to clear goods through customs貨物通過海關(guān)而允許入境或出境
33. One businessman has told the story of a delivery of 10，000 bottles of sterile penicillin at the airport of a Far Eastern country. 一位商人講了關(guān)于一萬瓶無菌青霉素運(yùn)至某個(gè)遠(yuǎn)東國(guó)家機(jī)場(chǎng)的情況。
1）a delivery of： 運(yùn)送
2）sterile penicillin： 無菌青霉素
34.It was apparently customary to pay customs officials about $250 upon arrival of each shipment to “get them out of the sun.” （鏈接）此地很明顯的慣例是每一批貨到港后，為了讓海關(guān)官員不找麻煩要付給他們250美元。
get sb. out of the sun： 不找某人麻煩。 不定式to pay……to “get them out of the sun”是句子的主語(yǔ)，其中upon arrival of each shipment表示pay的時(shí)間，to “get them out of the sun”是狀語(yǔ)，說明pay的目的。
35. In this case， the company was not prepared to make such a payment， so no money changed hands. （鏈接） （It seemed to be a common practice to pay $ 250 to a customs official for each load imported goods.） But for this delivery， the company was not willing to pay， so the customs official received no “facilitating payment”。 這回，這家公司不愿意花這種錢，因此沒有送錢。 change hands： to pass to a different owner（房產(chǎn)等）轉(zhuǎn)手，易主，又如： The hotel has changed hands three times in ten years. 這家飯店10年內(nèi)是，三次變換主人。
get sb. out of the sun： 不找某人麻煩。 不定式to pay……to “get them out of the sun”是句子的主語(yǔ)，其中upon arrival of each shipment表示pay的時(shí)間，to “get them out of the sun”是狀語(yǔ)，說明pay的目的。
36. The Minister of Health of that nation then ordered （鏈接）that each phial be opened for inspection， thereby destroying the whole shipment.其后該國(guó)衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)下令每一小瓶（青霉素）都要打開檢查，從而毀了整批藥品。
order：（命令）后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式與動(dòng)詞原形一致，其模式為：order that sth. be done/sb. do sth.，又如： The doctor ordered that the wounded soldiers be moved to safety at once. 醫(yī)生下令傷員立即撤往安全處。 分詞短語(yǔ)thereby destroying the whole shipment作狀語(yǔ)，修飾open，表示伴隨open所發(fā)生的事或產(chǎn)生的情況。Thereby： by that means or action（正式）借以。
37. Is it possible to formulate a code of rules for companies which would outlaw bribery in all its forms？——（Is it possible to make rules for companies to follow that would ban all forms of bribery？） 為公司制定經(jīng)營(yíng)條例從而使各種形式的行賄活動(dòng)成為非法，這可行嗎？定語(yǔ)從句which would outlaw……all its forms修飾a code of rules for companies.
1）formulate： to create or prepare sth. carefully， paying particular attention to the details制定 formulate a rule/policy制定規(guī)則、政策
a code of rules： a set of rules which are accepted as general principles； a set of written rules which state how people in a particular organization or country should behave準(zhǔn)則
a code of conduct：行為準(zhǔn)則
2）outlaw： to make it illegal and unacceptable宣布……非法 The European Convention of Human Rights outlaws discrimination between the sexes. 歐洲人權(quán)組織宣布性別歧視違法。 The outlawed political group went underground. 那個(gè)非法的政治團(tuán)體轉(zhuǎn)入了地下活動(dòng)。
38. The International Chambers of Commerce（ICC） favours a code of conduct which would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. 國(guó)際商會(huì)主張制定禁止受賄、索賄的經(jīng)營(yíng)法規(guī)。
favour： support sb./sth. 支持，贊成……，主張；更喜歡。
又如： Certain countries favour sending UN observers rather than peace-keeping troops to that area.
某些國(guó)家主張派聯(lián)合國(guó)觀察員而不是維和部隊(duì)到那個(gè)地區(qū)。
Not all Confucian ideas are favoured today， especially among the young.
今天并非孔夫子的所有思想都得到認(rèn)同，特別是在年輕人當(dāng)中。
They favour a traditional wedding.
他們倆都傾向搞一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的婚禮。
39. This code would try to distinguish between commissions paid for real services and padded fees. A council has been proposed to administer the code.此法規(guī)要分清何為正當(dāng)服務(wù)所付之傭金而何為超高傭金。有人建議成立一個(gè)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。
1）distinguish between A and B/A from B： show the difference between A and B劃分……和……的區(qū)別；區(qū)分。
又如： The law distinguishes between manslaughter and murder.
法律界定過失殺人和蓄意謀殺的區(qū)別。
I think he's old enough to distinguish the right from the wrong.
他不小了，該能夠辨別是非了。 Heroes and heroines are distinguished from ordinary men and woman by uncommon courage， achievements， and self-sacrifice.
男女英雄通過不同尋常的勇氣、成就與自我犧牲而與常人區(qū)分開來。
此處不定式是定語(yǔ)，修飾，為了避免主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，而置于句尾。
2）be proposed to： 建議
40. The British members， led by Lord Shawcross， would like the system to have enough legal teeth to make companies behave themselves. “It's no use having a dog without teeth，” they argue.——（“Laws without legal effective enforcement are useless，” they argue.）以肖克羅斯勛爵為首的英國(guó)會(huì)員們認(rèn)為這個(gè)法規(guī)應(yīng)有足夠的法律約束力，讓各公司規(guī)規(guī)矩矩地辦事，他們認(rèn)為“養(yǎng)一條沒有牙齒的狗毫無用處?！?BR> 1）legal teeth： legal effective force（英，口語(yǔ)）法律約束力。
behave oneself： 檢點(diǎn)自己的行為。（一般指?jìng)€(gè)人的行為舉止，這里指在經(jīng)營(yíng)中不要搞行賄等不正當(dāng)?shù)幕顒?dòng)。）
2）It's no use having a dog without teeth， Laws without legal effective enforcement are useless，沒有法律強(qiáng)制力的法律是沒用的
41. However， the French delegates think it is the businessof governments to make and impose law； the job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong， but not to impose anything.——（The French delegates think that an international business organization like the ICC can only give guidelines to companies （it cannot control or reduce bribery by its own efforts）。 It is up to governments in those countries where bribery is common to stamp out this practice by bringing in laws against corruption and making sure these are enforced.）然而，法國(guó)代表認(rèn)為制定和實(shí)施法規(guī)是各國(guó)政府的職責(zé)；像國(guó)際商會(huì)這樣的商業(yè)組織的任務(wù)則是確定是與非的界限，而不是推行任何法規(guī)。
1）business： sth. that concerns a particular person or organization權(quán)利，事務(wù)
You had no business reading my private letters. 你無權(quán)看我的私人信件。
Mind you own business. 關(guān)心你自己的事吧！ （不要干預(yù)他人的事。）
It's none of your business. 這不關(guān)你的事。
2）impose： to force the acceptance of （usually sth. difficult or unwanted）強(qiáng)加，強(qiáng)適
Parents often impose their own moral values on their children.
父母往往讓子女接受自己的道德觀。
Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
最近政府對(duì)香煙征收高額賦稅。
42.In a well-known British newspaper， a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take ” （鏈接3）。——（Bribery is widespread and is difficult for a businessman to avoid.） 在一家英國(guó)的報(bào)紙上，最近一位撰稿人指出“實(shí)業(yè)界已經(jīng)陷入賄賂的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，人人都“受賄”。
1） argue that：（正式）認(rèn)為；提出理由極力證明。 作者用be caught in a web of bribery表明賄賂非常普遍，商人很難避免。
2） be caught in： be stuck in陷入。 a web of sth.： a close-related set of things that can be very complicated一系列（相關(guān)、復(fù)雜的事物），圈套；網(wǎng)絡(luò)，又如： （create） a web of companies（創(chuàng)建）一系列的公司 （weave） a web of lies（編造）一系列的謊言
3） on the take： receiving bribes； regularly taking bribes（俚語(yǔ)）索取不正當(dāng)?shù)腻X財(cái)，索賄，收賄。
43. However， today's businessman， selling in overseas markets， will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business with his moral conscience.——（……today's businessman ……will often find it hard to settle the conflict between his business interests and his moral principles.） （Often he has to choose between the two， and is compelled either to sacrifice his business interests for his moral principles， or stick to/stand by his moral principles at the cost/expense of his business interest.） 然而，今天的商人在海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行銷售時(shí)，在許多情況下很難做到既維護(hù)自己的商業(yè)利益又符合自己的道德準(zhǔn)則。
square sth. with sth.：to make two ideas，facts，or situations agree or combine well with each other；（口語(yǔ)）（使）……與……一致。
又如： His deeds don't square with his words. 他的言行不一。
You've got to square your dream with reality if you want to succeed.
你要是想成功，就必須把你的夢(mèng)想與現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)合起來。
We should square our personal interests with those of our country.
我們應(yīng)該把個(gè)人利益與國(guó)家的復(fù)興結(jié)合起來。
分詞短語(yǔ)selling in overseas markets 作狀語(yǔ)，修飾meet；定語(yǔ)從句where it is……moral conscience修飾situations.
1） ready to do sth.： willing and eager to do sth.愿意并很迫切做……。
又如： They're always ready to lend a helping hand.
他們一貫樂于助人。
Laura loved him and he was ready to kiss her shoestrings.
勞拉愛他，他都樂于吻她的鞋帶。
2） Salvadore Allende：薩爾瓦多·阿連德（1908-1973），智利社會(huì)黨創(chuàng)建人和領(lǐng)袖，1970-1973年任智利總統(tǒng)，1973年9月在軍事政變中殉職。他執(zhí)政期間做了不少有利于人民的事情。西方反動(dòng)勢(shì)力慣于把推行諸如土地改革、注重人民衛(wèi)生健康等政策的左派政府稱為馬克思主義政府。 此處不定式to overthrow……Salvadore Allende作定語(yǔ)，修飾efforts.
21. In this category， we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms or major petrochemical and construction contracts.——（One type/form of bribery in the second category includes large payments made to important and influential people such as ruling families or their close advisers in order to get contracts involving large amounts of money.）
ruling family： the family that has control over a country， e.g.， a king in a kingdom， Sheik in some Arab countries統(tǒng)治/執(zhí)政家族
22. In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran， a witness claimed that ￡ 1 million had been paid by a British company to a “go-between” who helped clinch a deal for supply of tanks to that country.——（In a court case， a witness said that in selling weapons to Iran， a British company paid ￡ 1 million to someone who helped it make the sale of tanks to that country.） 在涉及與伊朗進(jìn)行武器交易的案件中，一位證人聲稱一家英國(guó)公司向助其達(dá)成供應(yīng)伊朗坦克的買賣的“中間人”支付了100萬英鎊。
1） to make/conclude/finalize a deal with sb. 與某人做成一筆交易 此處分詞短語(yǔ)involving an arms deal with Iran作定語(yǔ)，修飾a court case.
2） claim that：（未經(jīng)證實(shí)或證明）聲稱，斷言，又如： Some scientist claims that he has found an effective cure for AIDS. 某位科學(xué)家聲稱他已經(jīng)找到了治療艾滋病的有效辦法。
3） 這里“go-between”一詞用了引號(hào)表示并不是真正的中間人，而是統(tǒng)治該國(guó)的家庭的成員或是他們的高參（即本段開始提到的ruling families or their close advisers）。
4） clinch a deal： to conclude a deal successfully：（口語(yǔ)）達(dá)成交易。 deal： an agreement， esp. in business， on certain terms for buying or doing交易
23. Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party funds.——（Other countries have also tried to make foreign companies offer political parties financial support.） 其他國(guó)家也有對(duì)外國(guó)公司施加壓力使其為黨派基金捐款的情況。
1） be known to do sth.： 知其做……，又如： The company is known to have secret dealings with smugglers. 人們都知道這家公司與走分子有秘密來往。 He was known to have worked for the Japanese invaders， so he was unpopular among his neighbours. 眾所周知，他曾為日本入侵者干過事，所以鄰居們都討厭他。
2） put pressure on sb.： to force or try to persuade sb. to do向某人施加壓力 The international community is putting pressure on both sides to stop fighting. 國(guó)際社會(huì)向雙方施加壓力使他們停火。
3）make donations to： 向……捐款。
24.The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project， to speed up the wheels of bureaucracy. （鏈接2） 第二類包含為了使官方更快批準(zhǔn)某個(gè)項(xiàng)目以及為了加快官僚機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作所支付的款項(xiàng)。
1） speed up（sth.）： increase or make sth. increase speed加速；使加速。
又如： They decided to take steps to speed up the reform of the SOEs （state-owned enterprises）。
他們決定采取措施加快國(guó)有企業(yè)的改革。
As he got excited， he noticed that his breathing had speeded up.
他變得激動(dòng)起來，注意到他的呼吸加快了。
2） the wheels of bureaucracy， etc： that which enables bureaucracy， etc. to function 能使……運(yùn)作起來的關(guān)鍵。
25. Finally， he hit upon the answer.最后終于想出了辦法。
hit upon： think of a good idea， etc. suddenly or by chance 突然或偶然想出（好主意等）。
又如： He hit upon a way of making a living.
他偶然想到了一種謀生手段。
He hit upon a perfect name for his grandson.
他突然為他的孫子想到了一個(gè)頂好的名字。
26. Discovering that the minister was a bibliophile， he bought a rare edition of a book， slipped $ 20，000 within its pages， then presented it to the minister. 了解到那位部長(zhǎng)是個(gè)藏書家，他買了一本書的珍稀版本，在書里夾了兩萬美元，然后把書獻(xiàn)給了部長(zhǎng)。
1）discovering that……分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bought.
2）present sth. to sb./sb. with sth.：（尤其指正式場(chǎng)合中）將……獻(xiàn)或頒發(fā)給某人。
又如： The children presented the guests with flowers.
孩子們向客人們獻(xiàn)了花。
Celebrities have been invited to present the awards to the winners.
請(qǐng)了名人給優(yōu)勝者頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。
27. This man examined its contents， then said： “I understand there is a two-volume edition of this book.” 此人查看了書中所含，然后說：“據(jù)我所知，此書有兩卷本的版本。”
contents： the things contained in sth.（房間、盒子和瓶子等里）所放的東西；（書籍的）目錄。 這里contents是雙關(guān)，表面上是指書的內(nèi)容（目錄），實(shí)際指書里夾的錢（即他計(jì)算了書里共夾有多少錢）。
28. The sales manager， who was quick-witted， replied： “My company cannot afford a two-volume edition， sir， but we could offer you a copy with an appendix！”—— （This is an indirect way of saying， “My company cannot afford to double the amount/another $ 20，000， but we could make an extra payment.”）機(jī)智的銷售經(jīng)理回答說：“先生，兩卷本超越了敝公司之財(cái)力，不過我們能為您提供一部帶有附錄的版本?！辈痪弥?，這樁交易獲得批準(zhǔn)。 注意雙方都以暗示的方式，相當(dāng)明確地表達(dá)了各自的要求或承諾，部長(zhǎng)暗示對(duì)方再加兩萬美元，經(jīng)理暗示公司不愿追加如此大的數(shù)目，但可以再少加一筆錢。
quick-witted 機(jī)智的，反應(yīng)機(jī)敏的
29. The third category involves payments made in countries where it is traditional to pay people to facilitate the passage of a business deal.——（In many countries it is common to pay someone to ease the passage of a business deal/to make it possible or easier for a business deal to be concluded. Payments of this type belongs to/go with the third category of bribery.） 第三類是指在一些需要疏通有關(guān)人員生意才能順利進(jìn)行的國(guó)家里（外國(guó)公司）所支付的款子。
1） 此句從made直到結(jié)尾是個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)，修飾payments；定語(yǔ)從句where it is traditional……a business deal修飾countries；在此定語(yǔ)從句中，to pay people……a business deal是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)，而to facilitate……deal是目的狀語(yǔ)，修飾to pay people.
2）facilitate： （formal） to make an action or a process possible or easier疏通
The new airport will facilitate tourism.
新機(jī)場(chǎng)將促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)。
30. The payment may be made by a foreign company to ensure that a tender is put on a selective contract list or the company may pay so that an import licence for essential equipment is approved.——（A foreign company may make such payments to get a tender included on a selective contract list so that the company will gin an advantage over some of its competitors. Or perhaps the company offers money so as to get permission to import important equipment for a project.） 為了確保其投標(biāo)項(xiàng)目能夠被列入經(jīng)過篩選的合同名單，或者是為了使其重要設(shè)備的進(jìn)口得以順利批準(zhǔn)，外國(guó)公司可能要為此而支付一筆錢。
1） ensure that： make sure that確?！晒?；保證。
2） tender： a formal statement of the price you would charge for doing a job or providing goods or services報(bào)價(jià)單
3） a selective contract list： a list of companies chosen from among all those that have been entered the bidding
4） so that……為目的狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾pay.
31. Sometimes an expensive gift may be necessary to soften up a government official.——（Sometimes in order to please a government official so that he will do what you ask him to you've got to give him an expensive gift.） 有時(shí)為了使一位政府官員手軟，需要向他饋贈(zèng)一份昂貴的禮物。（即俗話所說：“拿人家的手軟?！保?BR> soften sb. up： （informal） to put sb. in good mood before asking them go do sth. ； make sb. unable or less able to resist being persuaded（口語(yǔ)）使……的態(tài)度軟化。
They treated you well， but it was just to soften you up.
他們對(duì)你不錯(cuò)，但這只不過是為了讓你替他們干事。
32. A common type in this category is the “facilitating payment”-usually a smaller sum of money-made to certain customs officials to clear cargoes.——（Also included in the third category is what is known as “facilitating payment”。 Usually it involves a smaller sum of money given to customs officials to get the goods that have been delivered cleared through customs.） “疏通費(fèi)”是這類賄賂中常見的一種形式，一般數(shù)額不太大，是為了讓貨物順利通過海關(guān)，向海關(guān)官員支付的錢。
1）分詞短語(yǔ) made to customs officials to clear cargoes作定語(yǔ)，修飾the “facilitating payment” “疏通費(fèi)”是這類賄賂中常見的一種形式，一般數(shù)額不太大，是為了讓貨物順利通過海關(guān)，向海關(guān)官員支付的錢。 Usually a smaller sum of money是插入語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說明the “facilitating payment”
2）clear： to give official permission for a person， a ship， a plane or goods to leave or enter a place to clear goods through customs貨物通過海關(guān)而允許入境或出境
33. One businessman has told the story of a delivery of 10，000 bottles of sterile penicillin at the airport of a Far Eastern country. 一位商人講了關(guān)于一萬瓶無菌青霉素運(yùn)至某個(gè)遠(yuǎn)東國(guó)家機(jī)場(chǎng)的情況。
1）a delivery of： 運(yùn)送
2）sterile penicillin： 無菌青霉素
34.It was apparently customary to pay customs officials about $250 upon arrival of each shipment to “get them out of the sun.” （鏈接）此地很明顯的慣例是每一批貨到港后，為了讓海關(guān)官員不找麻煩要付給他們250美元。
get sb. out of the sun： 不找某人麻煩。 不定式to pay……to “get them out of the sun”是句子的主語(yǔ)，其中upon arrival of each shipment表示pay的時(shí)間，to “get them out of the sun”是狀語(yǔ)，說明pay的目的。
35. In this case， the company was not prepared to make such a payment， so no money changed hands. （鏈接） （It seemed to be a common practice to pay $ 250 to a customs official for each load imported goods.） But for this delivery， the company was not willing to pay， so the customs official received no “facilitating payment”。 這回，這家公司不愿意花這種錢，因此沒有送錢。 change hands： to pass to a different owner（房產(chǎn)等）轉(zhuǎn)手，易主，又如： The hotel has changed hands three times in ten years. 這家飯店10年內(nèi)是，三次變換主人。
get sb. out of the sun： 不找某人麻煩。 不定式to pay……to “get them out of the sun”是句子的主語(yǔ)，其中upon arrival of each shipment表示pay的時(shí)間，to “get them out of the sun”是狀語(yǔ)，說明pay的目的。
36. The Minister of Health of that nation then ordered （鏈接）that each phial be opened for inspection， thereby destroying the whole shipment.其后該國(guó)衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)下令每一小瓶（青霉素）都要打開檢查，從而毀了整批藥品。
order：（命令）后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式與動(dòng)詞原形一致，其模式為：order that sth. be done/sb. do sth.，又如： The doctor ordered that the wounded soldiers be moved to safety at once. 醫(yī)生下令傷員立即撤往安全處。 分詞短語(yǔ)thereby destroying the whole shipment作狀語(yǔ)，修飾open，表示伴隨open所發(fā)生的事或產(chǎn)生的情況。Thereby： by that means or action（正式）借以。
37. Is it possible to formulate a code of rules for companies which would outlaw bribery in all its forms？——（Is it possible to make rules for companies to follow that would ban all forms of bribery？） 為公司制定經(jīng)營(yíng)條例從而使各種形式的行賄活動(dòng)成為非法，這可行嗎？定語(yǔ)從句which would outlaw……all its forms修飾a code of rules for companies.
1）formulate： to create or prepare sth. carefully， paying particular attention to the details制定 formulate a rule/policy制定規(guī)則、政策
a code of rules： a set of rules which are accepted as general principles； a set of written rules which state how people in a particular organization or country should behave準(zhǔn)則
a code of conduct：行為準(zhǔn)則
2）outlaw： to make it illegal and unacceptable宣布……非法 The European Convention of Human Rights outlaws discrimination between the sexes. 歐洲人權(quán)組織宣布性別歧視違法。 The outlawed political group went underground. 那個(gè)非法的政治團(tuán)體轉(zhuǎn)入了地下活動(dòng)。
38. The International Chambers of Commerce（ICC） favours a code of conduct which would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. 國(guó)際商會(huì)主張制定禁止受賄、索賄的經(jīng)營(yíng)法規(guī)。
favour： support sb./sth. 支持，贊成……，主張；更喜歡。
又如： Certain countries favour sending UN observers rather than peace-keeping troops to that area.
某些國(guó)家主張派聯(lián)合國(guó)觀察員而不是維和部隊(duì)到那個(gè)地區(qū)。
Not all Confucian ideas are favoured today， especially among the young.
今天并非孔夫子的所有思想都得到認(rèn)同，特別是在年輕人當(dāng)中。
They favour a traditional wedding.
他們倆都傾向搞一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的婚禮。
39. This code would try to distinguish between commissions paid for real services and padded fees. A council has been proposed to administer the code.此法規(guī)要分清何為正當(dāng)服務(wù)所付之傭金而何為超高傭金。有人建議成立一個(gè)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。
1）distinguish between A and B/A from B： show the difference between A and B劃分……和……的區(qū)別；區(qū)分。
又如： The law distinguishes between manslaughter and murder.
法律界定過失殺人和蓄意謀殺的區(qū)別。
I think he's old enough to distinguish the right from the wrong.
他不小了，該能夠辨別是非了。 Heroes and heroines are distinguished from ordinary men and woman by uncommon courage， achievements， and self-sacrifice.
男女英雄通過不同尋常的勇氣、成就與自我犧牲而與常人區(qū)分開來。
此處不定式是定語(yǔ)，修飾，為了避免主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，而置于句尾。
2）be proposed to： 建議
40. The British members， led by Lord Shawcross， would like the system to have enough legal teeth to make companies behave themselves. “It's no use having a dog without teeth，” they argue.——（“Laws without legal effective enforcement are useless，” they argue.）以肖克羅斯勛爵為首的英國(guó)會(huì)員們認(rèn)為這個(gè)法規(guī)應(yīng)有足夠的法律約束力，讓各公司規(guī)規(guī)矩矩地辦事，他們認(rèn)為“養(yǎng)一條沒有牙齒的狗毫無用處?！?BR> 1）legal teeth： legal effective force（英，口語(yǔ)）法律約束力。
behave oneself： 檢點(diǎn)自己的行為。（一般指?jìng)€(gè)人的行為舉止，這里指在經(jīng)營(yíng)中不要搞行賄等不正當(dāng)?shù)幕顒?dòng)。）
2）It's no use having a dog without teeth， Laws without legal effective enforcement are useless，沒有法律強(qiáng)制力的法律是沒用的
41. However， the French delegates think it is the businessof governments to make and impose law； the job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong， but not to impose anything.——（The French delegates think that an international business organization like the ICC can only give guidelines to companies （it cannot control or reduce bribery by its own efforts）。 It is up to governments in those countries where bribery is common to stamp out this practice by bringing in laws against corruption and making sure these are enforced.）然而，法國(guó)代表認(rèn)為制定和實(shí)施法規(guī)是各國(guó)政府的職責(zé)；像國(guó)際商會(huì)這樣的商業(yè)組織的任務(wù)則是確定是與非的界限，而不是推行任何法規(guī)。
1）business： sth. that concerns a particular person or organization權(quán)利，事務(wù)
You had no business reading my private letters. 你無權(quán)看我的私人信件。
Mind you own business. 關(guān)心你自己的事吧！ （不要干預(yù)他人的事。）
It's none of your business. 這不關(guān)你的事。
2）impose： to force the acceptance of （usually sth. difficult or unwanted）強(qiáng)加，強(qiáng)適
Parents often impose their own moral values on their children.
父母往往讓子女接受自己的道德觀。
Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes.
最近政府對(duì)香煙征收高額賦稅。
42.In a well-known British newspaper， a writer argued recently that “industry is caught in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on the take ” （鏈接3）。——（Bribery is widespread and is difficult for a businessman to avoid.） 在一家英國(guó)的報(bào)紙上，最近一位撰稿人指出“實(shí)業(yè)界已經(jīng)陷入賄賂的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，人人都“受賄”。
1） argue that：（正式）認(rèn)為；提出理由極力證明。 作者用be caught in a web of bribery表明賄賂非常普遍，商人很難避免。
2） be caught in： be stuck in陷入。 a web of sth.： a close-related set of things that can be very complicated一系列（相關(guān)、復(fù)雜的事物），圈套；網(wǎng)絡(luò)，又如： （create） a web of companies（創(chuàng)建）一系列的公司 （weave） a web of lies（編造）一系列的謊言
3） on the take： receiving bribes； regularly taking bribes（俚語(yǔ)）索取不正當(dāng)?shù)腻X財(cái)，索賄，收賄。
43. However， today's businessman， selling in overseas markets， will frequently meet situations where it is difficult to square his business with his moral conscience.——（……today's businessman ……will often find it hard to settle the conflict between his business interests and his moral principles.） （Often he has to choose between the two， and is compelled either to sacrifice his business interests for his moral principles， or stick to/stand by his moral principles at the cost/expense of his business interest.） 然而，今天的商人在海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行銷售時(shí)，在許多情況下很難做到既維護(hù)自己的商業(yè)利益又符合自己的道德準(zhǔn)則。
square sth. with sth.：to make two ideas，facts，or situations agree or combine well with each other；（口語(yǔ)）（使）……與……一致。
又如： His deeds don't square with his words. 他的言行不一。
You've got to square your dream with reality if you want to succeed.
你要是想成功，就必須把你的夢(mèng)想與現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)合起來。
We should square our personal interests with those of our country.
我們應(yīng)該把個(gè)人利益與國(guó)家的復(fù)興結(jié)合起來。
分詞短語(yǔ)selling in overseas markets 作狀語(yǔ)，修飾meet；定語(yǔ)從句where it is……moral conscience修飾situations.