31.representative：n./ a…… 代表，代表人；典型的，有代表性的
派生詞：represent v. 代表 ；representation n.表現(xiàn)，代表
Many representatives of the older generation were there. 老一輩的各類代表都在那里。
Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative of national opinion？
一份有500 人作答的調(diào)查問卷是否能真正代表全國人民的意見？
32.presidency n. 總統(tǒng)職務(wù)
33.overwhelming a. 壓倒之勢的
詞組 ：phrases
1.to stand no chance 沒有可能，沒有希望
He stands no chance of winning the election. 他沒有希望在選舉中獲勝。
to stand a chance 有可能，有希望
He stands a good chance of passing the examination. 他考試及格很有希望。
2.to identify …as： 把… 看成，確認(rèn)
He always identifies himself as one of the commoners.
他總是把自己看成是普通大眾的一員。
Do you identify yourself as an optimist or a pessimist？
你把自己看成是樂觀主義者還是悲觀主義者？
I identified the stolen recorder as mine. 我認(rèn)為那個被偷的錄音機(jī)是我的。
3.impact on： 對…的影響
The book made a great impact on its readers.
這本書對讀者產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。
The invention and application of computer exert a great impact on modern industry.
電腦的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用對現(xiàn)代工業(yè)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。
III.課文精講
The Campaign for Election
Although presidential elections occur every 4 years， many people feel that they do not have a true understanding of how presidential campaigns operate.
The winner in the November general election is almost certain to be either the Republican or the Democratic nominee.①A minor-party or independent candidate， such as George Wallace in 1968， John Anderson in 1980， or Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996， can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.②
1.此句中，be certain to do sth. 表示“一定會做某事”。
例：He is certain to agree with the plan. 他肯定會同意這個計(jì)劃的。
“either … or”表示“或者…或者”。
此句的意思：“11月大選的獲勝者幾乎可以肯定不是共和黨就是民主黨提名的候選人?！?BR> 2.在本句中，“draw … away from …”表示“把…從…拉走；吸引開”
例如：The on-going performance outside the classroom drew the students‘ attention away from their books. 教室外面正在進(jìn)行的表演把學(xué)生的注意力從書本上吸引開了。
此句意思：“小黨派或獨(dú)立候選人，如1968年的喬治·華萊士、1980年的約翰·安德森，或者1992年和1996年的羅斯·佩羅等，可能會從大黨的提名人那里拉走一些選票，但幾乎沒有人可能戰(zhàn)勝他們?！?BR> “stand almost no chance of …?！北硎尽皫缀鯖]有可能”。
A major-party nominee has the critical advantage of support from the party faithful. Earlier in the twentieth century， this support was so firm and steady that the victory of the stronger party‘s candidate was almost a certainty. Warren G. Harding accepted the 1920 Republican nomination at his Ohio home， stayed there throughout most of the campaign， and won a full victory simply because most of the voters of his time were Republicans. ③Party loyalty has declined in recent decades， but more than two-thirds of the nation’s voters still identify themselves as Democrats or Republicans， and most of them support their party‘s presidential candidate. Even Democrat George McGovern， who had the lowest level of party support among recent nominees， was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party’s voters.
3.這是由三個并列謂語加一個原因狀語從句構(gòu)成的復(fù)合句。
沃倫·G·哈定在他俄亥俄州的家中接受了1920年共和黨的提名，而且競選期間
他多數(shù)時間是呆在家里。他終大獲全勝僅僅是因?yàn)槟莻€時期多數(shù)選民是共和黨成員。
Presidential candidates act strategically. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action， they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.④ During the 1992 campaign， a sign on the wall of Clinton‘s headquarters in Little Rock read， “The Economy， Stupid.” The slogan was the idea of James Carville， Clinton’s chief strategist， and was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation‘s slow-moving economy， which ultimately was the issue that defeated Bush.⑤ As in 1980， when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times， the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.⑥
派生詞：represent v. 代表 ；representation n.表現(xiàn)，代表
Many representatives of the older generation were there. 老一輩的各類代表都在那里。
Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative of national opinion？
一份有500 人作答的調(diào)查問卷是否能真正代表全國人民的意見？
32.presidency n. 總統(tǒng)職務(wù)
33.overwhelming a. 壓倒之勢的
詞組 ：phrases
1.to stand no chance 沒有可能，沒有希望
He stands no chance of winning the election. 他沒有希望在選舉中獲勝。
to stand a chance 有可能，有希望
He stands a good chance of passing the examination. 他考試及格很有希望。
2.to identify …as： 把… 看成，確認(rèn)
He always identifies himself as one of the commoners.
他總是把自己看成是普通大眾的一員。
Do you identify yourself as an optimist or a pessimist？
你把自己看成是樂觀主義者還是悲觀主義者？
I identified the stolen recorder as mine. 我認(rèn)為那個被偷的錄音機(jī)是我的。
3.impact on： 對…的影響
The book made a great impact on its readers.
這本書對讀者產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。
The invention and application of computer exert a great impact on modern industry.
電腦的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用對現(xiàn)代工業(yè)產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。
III.課文精講
The Campaign for Election
Although presidential elections occur every 4 years， many people feel that they do not have a true understanding of how presidential campaigns operate.
The winner in the November general election is almost certain to be either the Republican or the Democratic nominee.①A minor-party or independent candidate， such as George Wallace in 1968， John Anderson in 1980， or Ross Perot in 1992 and 1996， can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.②
1.此句中，be certain to do sth. 表示“一定會做某事”。
例：He is certain to agree with the plan. 他肯定會同意這個計(jì)劃的。
“either … or”表示“或者…或者”。
此句的意思：“11月大選的獲勝者幾乎可以肯定不是共和黨就是民主黨提名的候選人?！?BR> 2.在本句中，“draw … away from …”表示“把…從…拉走；吸引開”
例如：The on-going performance outside the classroom drew the students‘ attention away from their books. 教室外面正在進(jìn)行的表演把學(xué)生的注意力從書本上吸引開了。
此句意思：“小黨派或獨(dú)立候選人，如1968年的喬治·華萊士、1980年的約翰·安德森，或者1992年和1996年的羅斯·佩羅等，可能會從大黨的提名人那里拉走一些選票，但幾乎沒有人可能戰(zhàn)勝他們?！?BR> “stand almost no chance of …?！北硎尽皫缀鯖]有可能”。
A major-party nominee has the critical advantage of support from the party faithful. Earlier in the twentieth century， this support was so firm and steady that the victory of the stronger party‘s candidate was almost a certainty. Warren G. Harding accepted the 1920 Republican nomination at his Ohio home， stayed there throughout most of the campaign， and won a full victory simply because most of the voters of his time were Republicans. ③Party loyalty has declined in recent decades， but more than two-thirds of the nation’s voters still identify themselves as Democrats or Republicans， and most of them support their party‘s presidential candidate. Even Democrat George McGovern， who had the lowest level of party support among recent nominees， was backed in 1972 by nearly 60 percent of his party’s voters.
3.這是由三個并列謂語加一個原因狀語從句構(gòu)成的復(fù)合句。
沃倫·G·哈定在他俄亥俄州的家中接受了1920年共和黨的提名，而且競選期間
他多數(shù)時間是呆在家里。他終大獲全勝僅僅是因?yàn)槟莻€時期多數(shù)選民是共和黨成員。
Presidential candidates act strategically. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action， they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.④ During the 1992 campaign， a sign on the wall of Clinton‘s headquarters in Little Rock read， “The Economy， Stupid.” The slogan was the idea of James Carville， Clinton’s chief strategist， and was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation‘s slow-moving economy， which ultimately was the issue that defeated Bush.⑤ As in 1980， when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times， the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.⑥