詞匯部分
掌握約3000個(gè)基礎(chǔ)英語單詞和相應(yīng)的常用詞組。詞匯考試主要是考單詞和詞組搭配。
構(gòu)詞法
英語的構(gòu)詞方法有三：合成（composition），派生（derivation）和轉(zhuǎn)換（conversion）。
一、合成
合成：合兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞而成為一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞的方法叫做合成。
1. 復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1）名詞＋名詞
classroom 教室， newspaper 報(bào)紙
2）形容詞＋名詞
blackboard 黑板，highway 公路，
3）動(dòng)詞＋名詞
break-water防波堤
4）副詞＋名詞
outbreak爆發(fā)， overcoat 大衣
5）代詞＋名詞
he-goat公山羊， she-wolf 母狼
6）動(dòng)詞＋副詞
break-down崩潰
7）名詞＋介詞短語
editor-in-chief 總編輯， father-in-law岳父
2. 復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1）名詞＋形容詞
snow-white 雪白的，world-wide全世界的
2）形容詞＋形容詞
bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 綠里發(fā)藍(lán)的
3）副詞＋形容詞
ever-green 常綠的
4）名詞＋分詞
snow-covered 白雪蓋著的，hand-made 手工制作的
5）形容詞＋分詞
good-looking 好看的
6）副詞＋分詞
well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息靈通的
7）形容詞＋名詞
second-hand舊的，用過的，第二手的
8）形容詞＋名詞＋-ed
open-minded 胸襟開闊的，white-haired白發(fā)的
9）數(shù)詞＋名詞＋（－ed）
two-faced 兩面派的，
3. 復(fù)合動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1）副詞＋動(dòng)詞
overcome 克服， uphold支持，主張
2）名詞＋動(dòng)詞
sun-bathe行日光浴
二、派生
在一個(gè)單詞前或后加上一個(gè)詞綴，變成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞的方法叫做派生，詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種，加在單詞前的詞綴，叫前綴，加在單詞后的詞綴，叫后綴。
1.前綴 現(xiàn)將最常用的一些前綴（按字母順序）舉例如下：
anti- 反對(duì)
anti-Japanese war抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
arch- 主要的
arch-enemy 主要敵人
auto- 自動(dòng)的
automobile 小汽車， autobiography自傳
bi- 雙
bicycle 自行車，bilingual 用兩種語言的
by- 在旁
bystander 旁觀者，by-product副產(chǎn)品
co- 共同
co-operation合作，co-existence 共處
counter- 反
counter-attack 反攻，
de- 除去，否定
decentralization分散，不集中
dis- 否定
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)， disorder混亂，雜亂
en-， em- 使成為
enable使能夠，enslave奴役，encourage鼓勵(lì)
ex- 前
ex-president前任主席、總統(tǒng)或大學(xué)校長
extra- 外
extraordinary非常的，格外的
for-， fore- 先，前，預(yù)
forward向前，foresee預(yù)見，forearm前臂
for- 禁，棄
forbid禁止，forget忘記
in-， il-， im-， ir- 不，非
informal 非正式的，incomplete不完全的， irregular不規(guī)則的
inter- 間，相互
interview會(huì)見
mal- 惡
maltreat 虐待
micro- 微
microscope顯微鏡
mid- 中
mid-night半夜， mid-autumn中秋的
mis- 誤
misunderstand 誤會(huì)， misuse誤用
multi- 多
multi-national 多民族的
non- 非，不
nonexistent不存在的
post- 后于
post-war 戰(zhàn)后的，
pre- 先于
pre-war 戰(zhàn)前的
pro- 贊成，親善
pro-American 親美的
re- 重，再，復(fù)
review 復(fù)習(xí)
sub- 下，次
subdivide細(xì)分，再分
super- 上，超
super-structure 上層建筑
tele- 遠(yuǎn)
telephone 電話，telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡，television電視
trans- 橫過，轉(zhuǎn)移
transformation改造，translate翻譯
un- 不
unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，untrue不真實(shí)的
uni- 一、單
uniform 劃一的
2.名詞后綴
-age狀態(tài)，集合
marriage婚姻，shortage缺少，village村莊
-an 人
American美國人，Italian意大利人，意大利語，African非洲人
-ance， -ancy性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)
importance重要性，significance意義
-ant， -ent 人
assistant助手，助教， student學(xué)生
-ation， -ition 動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)
determination決心，industrialization工業(yè)化，preparation準(zhǔn)備
-craft 技巧，工藝
handicraft手工藝
-dom （狀態(tài)，領(lǐng)界）
freedom自由，kingdom王國
-ee （被動(dòng)）
employee雇員
-eer 人
engineer工程師， volunteer志愿者
-ence， -ency（抽象名詞）
dependence依靠，不獨(dú)立，excellence卓越
-er 人，動(dòng)作者
fighter戰(zhàn)士，worker工人，writer作家，harvester收割機(jī)
-ese 人，語言
Chinese中國人，中文，Japanese日本人，日文
-ess 女性
actress女演員，princess公主，hostess女主人，女乘務(wù)員（飛機(jī)上）
-ful 充滿
handful一把，armful一抱（這些詞亦可作為復(fù)合詞看）
-hood 身份，境遇，狀態(tài)
childhood童年，likelihood可能性
-ian 人
musician音樂家，technician技術(shù)員
-ity （抽象名詞）
possibility可能性，capability能力
-man 人
Englishman英國人，postman郵遞員（這些詞亦可作為復(fù)合詞看）
-ment 運(yùn)動(dòng)，結(jié)果
movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，development發(fā)展
-ness 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
kindness和善，carefulness小心
-or 人，動(dòng)作者
actor男演員， editor 編輯，tractor拖拉機(jī)
-ry， -ery 行為，工作，性質(zhì)，工作地點(diǎn)，貨物種類，境遇等
bravery勇敢，nursery托兒所，cookery烹調(diào)
-ship 狀態(tài)，身分
friendship友誼，hardship苦難
-tion 動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)
attention注意，action行動(dòng)，revolution革命
-ty （抽象名詞）
cruelty殘酷， loyalty忠實(shí)
-ure 結(jié)果，動(dòng)作
pleasure快樂，pressure壓力
3.形容詞后綴
－able，-ible能夠
unforgettable難忘的，responsible負(fù)責(zé)的
-al 的
cultural文化的，national國家的
-an （地，人）的
Russian 俄羅斯的，俄羅斯人的，American美國的，美國人的
-ed 有，象
talented有才華的
-en 的
golden金色的，wooden木制的
-ern （表示方向的）
northern北方的，eastern東方的，southern南方的，western西方的
-ese?。ǖ兀耍┑?BR> Chinese中國的，中國人的，Japanese日本的，日本人的
-ful 充滿
careful小心的，beautiful美麗的，powerful強(qiáng)有力的
-ic， -ical 的
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的，political政治的，grammatical語法的
-ish 屬于，稍微
bookish書本氣的，yellowish稍黃的，selfish自私的，childish幼稚的
-ive 性，傾向
active 積極的， collective集體的
-less 無
fearless無所畏懼的，careless不小心的，useless無用的，meaningless無意義的
-like 如
childlike兒童般的（亦可作為復(fù)合詞看）
-ly 品質(zhì)，的
friendly友好的，weekly每星期的，manly丈夫氣的，daily每天的
-ous 多
nervous神經(jīng)緊張的，dangerous危險(xiǎn)的
-some 引起，適于，易于
troublesome煩人的，tiresome（令人感到厭倦的）
-ward 向
backward落后的
-y 充滿，性質(zhì)
rainy雨的，snowy雪的，handy手巧的，便于使用的
4.動(dòng)詞后綴
-ate
isolate使孤立，
-en
deepen加深，strengthen加強(qiáng)
-fy
simplify簡(jiǎn)化，classify分類
-ize， -ise
industrialize工業(yè)化
5. 副詞后綴
-ly
carefully小心地，beautifully美麗地，quickly迅速地
-ward， -wards向
forward向前，backward向后，upwards向上，downwards向下
-wise 方式
likewise同樣地，otherwise否則，用另一種方式
三、轉(zhuǎn)換
轉(zhuǎn)換 將一個(gè)單詞由某一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類，這就叫做轉(zhuǎn)換。單詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的意義往往與未轉(zhuǎn)換前的意義有密切的聯(lián)系。
1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
elbow 由"肘"轉(zhuǎn)義為"用肘推擠"
back 由"背，后面"轉(zhuǎn)義為"支持，后退"
2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
slow 由"慢"轉(zhuǎn)義為"放慢"
3.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
to take a walk 散步
to have a look 看一看
to have a try 試一試
4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
the wounded 受傷的人們， the beautiful美麗的東西，the blind盲人們
5.其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
a must必須做的事情，ups and downs高低起伏，ins and outs問題的底細(xì)
典型例題
考試的重點(diǎn)是詞匯之間的搭配，和近義詞之間的區(qū)別。
1. Driving a car is not as difficult as you imagine， if you ________ the rules.
A. depend on B. turn to C. put up D. stick to
depend on 依靠、依賴
turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向某人，turn to sb.向某人求助
put up with 容忍、忍受
stick to 遵守
答案 D
2. In my opinion， the changing job market will ______ people many difficulties.
A. find B. bring C. take D. get
find 找到
bring 帶來
take 拿走
get 得到
答案 B
3. Since the two restaurants ________ almost the same food and service， it doesn't matter where you stop to eat.
A. offer B. cook C. prepare D. afford
offer 提供
cook 烹飪
prepare 準(zhǔn)備
afford 付錢
答案 A
4. When he applied for a _______ in the office of the local newspaper， he was told to see the manager.
A. profession B. position C. career D. location
profession職業(yè)
position 職位
career 職業(yè)
location 方位
She chose an academic career. 答案 B
5. Margaret was so ________ for news of her lost child that she was almost driven mad.
A. careful B. responsible C. thirsty D. hostile
careful 仔細(xì)的
responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的
thirsty 極度渴望的
hostile 敵意的
答案 C
6. It is not polite to ________ when someone is making a speech at a meeting like this.
A. turn up B. cut in C. speak out D. stand by
turn up 來到，露面
cut in 打斷
speak out 大聲說
stand by 站到……旁邊
答案 B
7. The boss _______ angry when I spoke to him on the phone.
A. sounded B. looked C. grew D. talked
sounded 聽起來
looked 看起來
grew 變得
talked 談話
答案 A
8. All of her living cost ________2，000 yuan each month.
A. gets to B. equals to C. arrives at D. comes at
get to 到達(dá)某地
equal的用法：
equal： adj. be equal to sth./doing sth. 對(duì)某事有力量，勇氣，能力等， 能勝任
eg. She feels equal to the task. 她認(rèn)為能勝任該項(xiàng)工作。
He's equal to the occasion. 他能應(yīng)付這一局面。
He doesn't seems equal to meeting out demance
equal： v. equal sb./ sth. （in sth.） 與某人（某事物）相同或相等
eg. He is equaled by no one in kindness. 沒有人比他更善良。）
arrived at+地點(diǎn)狀語 到達(dá)某處
comes at 達(dá)到
答案 D
9. Her face is _________ to me， but I can't remember where I saw her.
A. similar B. friendly C. alike D. familiar
similar 相似的
friendly 友好的
alike 相像的
familiar 熟悉的
答案 D
10. Jump in the car. There's enough ________ for you.
A. place B. seat C. room D. space
place 地方
seat 座位
room 空間
space 宇宙空間
place 指具體地點(diǎn)
答案 C
11. It wasn't an accident. He did it on ________.
A. reason B. determination C. purpose D. intention
reason 原因
determination 決心
on purpose 故意
intention 目的
答案 C
12. You'll have to pay for the holiday in _______， I'm afraid.
A. front B. advance C. ahead D. forward
front 具體位置空間的前方
in advance 提前
ahead 在……之前，不和in 連用
forward 向前
答案 B
13. The bookstore hasn't ordered ________ textbooks for all the students in the course.
A. enough B. plenty C. as much as D. a great deal of
enough 修飾名詞，在名詞之前
plenty+of
as much as 不能修飾名詞
a great deal of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
答案 A
14. As I didn't have any experience， I was ________ problems.
A. likely to have B. probably having
C. probable to have D. likely having
be likely to do 很可能有……
probably 不接doing接to do
it's brobable for sb. that
答案 A
15. David may ________ ， but we must go at once.
A. stay late B. stay lately C. stay a little D. have stayed very late
stay late
stay lately lately 近來
答案 A
16. I don't think that your watch is _______.
A. worth of the price B. worth the price
C. worthy of the price D. worthy to buy
worthy： adj. a. be worthy of sth.
eg. Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise. 她的成就值得給予獎(jiǎng)賞。
b. be worthy to do sth.
eg. She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her.
worth： adj. a. be worth + n.
eg. Our house is worth about $ 60，000.
b. be worth doing
eg. The book is worth reading. =It's worth reading the book.
n. 值某金額的量 The thieves stole $ 1 million worth of jewellery.
D選項(xiàng)正確答案：worthy to be bought
答案 B
17. _________， it's very tidy.
A. As her room is small B. Small as her room is
C. As small her room is D. Small as her room
as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子需要倒?fàn)?。Young as he is， Jack is already familiar with most of the books
答案 B
18. As _______ as possible he opened the door and went out into the cold December night.
A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quietly
quiet adj.安靜的
答案 B
quite adv.十分，很；quite big
19. I felt thoroughly ________ in the crowded Manhattan.
A. wondered B. lost C. missed D. separated
wondered 懷疑
lost 迷路
missed 丟失
separated 分開
答案 B
20. The city has decided to _______ all the old buildings.
A. break away from B. get rid of
C. come up with D. knock down
break away from 1.掙脫 The prisoner broke away from his guards. 2. 脫離某政黨、政府等 A province has broken away to form a new state.
get rid of： 擺脫 The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can't get rid of them.
come up with sth.： 找到或提出（答案、辦法等）She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
knock down： 拆除 These old houses are going to be knocked down.
答案 D
21. When the school master is away， Mr. Johnson will be ______ the whole school.
A. in charge of B. in favor of C. in honor of D. in regard to
in charge of： 處于控制或支配的地位， 負(fù)責(zé)
Who's in charge here？這兒誰負(fù)責(zé)？
He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
in favor of sb./sth.： 支持某人/某事
Was he in favor of the death penalty？
in honor of ： 出于對(duì)某人的敬意
a ceremony in honor of those killed in battle 為紀(jì)念陣亡將士舉行的儀式
in/with regard to sb./sth. 關(guān)于某人/某事 I have nothing to say with/ in regard to your complaints.
答案 A
22. In his speech he _______ his experience as a teaching assistant.
A. returned to B. referred to C. stuck to D. turned to
return sth.（to sb./sth.）： 歸還，放回
She returned the bird to its cages. 她把鳥放回籠子里
Please return me my 5 yuan/ return my five yuan to me.
Refer to sb./sth.： 提到，說到或涉及到某人（某事物）
When I said some people are stupid， I wasn't referring to you.
Don't refer to this matter again， please. 請(qǐng)不要再提這件事。
stick to sth.： 堅(jiān)持或維持某事物
"Would you like some wine？"
"No， I'll stick to beer， thanks." 不，我還是喝啤酒吧。
turn to sb.（sth.）： 向某人（某事物）尋求幫助
She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助無門。
The more depressed he got， the more he turned to drink.
答案 B
23. He tried his best in the first game， but was ________ by the little boy.
A. won B. hit C. beaten D. held
A：win-won-won； 贏得
B：hit 打
C：beat 打，
D： hold-held-held 舉行
答案 C
24. I wanted to go home but my wife _______ on going to the concert.
A. persisted B. resisted C. insisted D. intended
persisted：persist： persist in doing sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事
He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle.
resist+n 抵抗
intend： intend to do sth. 想要做……
答案 C
25. The government gave several good ______ for increasing the tax on cigarettes.
A. purposes B. reasons C. questions D. problems
purpose 目的
reason 原因
question 問題
problem 問題
答案 B
26. Four people were seriously _______ in the accident.
A. injured B. damaged C. spoiled D. broken
injure 受傷
damage： 表示使被損壞的對(duì)象失去或降低其自身價(jià)值， 但不完全毀掉。
He damaged my car with a stone.
ruin： 常強(qiáng)調(diào)完全毀掉。 The storm has ruined the garden.
spoil： 語氣比ruin弱，不強(qiáng)調(diào)完全毀掉，表示使被害方失去其完美性。
He spoiled his painting by putting too much red paint on it.
spoil：有時(shí)也包含最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全毀掉之義。
He has spoiled his constitution with bad living.
答案 A
27. He spoke so quickly that I didn't ________ what he said.
A. listen B. catch C. miss D. receive
listen 聽 listen to
catch 抓住，聽到
miss 丟失
receive 收到
28. He was poor but proud， and _______ every offer of help.
A. turned down B. turned on
C. turned off D. turned out
turn down 拒絕
turn on 打開。turn on the light 開燈
turn off 關(guān)上。turn off the light
turn out 證明為……
答案 A
29. In Britain， the best season of the year is probably _______ spring.
A. later B. latter C. last D. late
later 以后。
latter 后者
last 最后
late 晚的
答案 D
30. How ________ is it from here to the city center？
A. long B. far C. distant D. near
how long 一段延續(xù)的時(shí)間
——How long have you studied English？
——I have studied English for 3 years （since 3 years ago）。
答案 B
31. I wanted to go there by plane but I hadn't enough money to pay for the _____.
A. journey B. distance C. road D. way
journey 旅行
distance 距離
road 道路
way 方式方法
答案A
32. Her parents wouldn't _______ her to stay out later than 10：30 at night.
A. require B. ask C. encourage D. permit
stay out 不回家
require 要求
ask 要求
encourage 鼓勵(lì)
permit 允許
答案 D
33. Last Sunday， ________ my great surprise， I met Bullen in town.
A. for B. to C. as D. at
（to one's surprise 使某人感到驚奇）
答案 B
34. Most Chinese like to drink tea. But some prefer coffee ________ tea.
A. to B. with C. for D. against
prefer……to……
答案 A
35. I'm in no ________ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.
A. feeling B. attitude C. opinion D. mood
feeling 感情
attitude 態(tài)度
opinion 觀點(diǎn)
mood 情緒
答案 D
36. Tennis is a _________ invented by an Englishman a hundred years ago.
A. play B. match C. game D. event
play： n. 比賽，競(jìng)賽 The tennis players need total concentration during play.
match 比賽
game 運(yùn)動(dòng)
event 事件
答案 C
37. That's the biggest ______ he has ever told in his life.
A. talk B. speech C. lesson D. lie
talk：give/have a talk 談話
speech：make/deliver a speech 做演講
lesson：teach a lesson： 教訓(xùn)
learn one's lesson： 汲取教訓(xùn)
lie：tell a lie
答案 D
38. _______ that the jewels had been stolen by one of the guards.
A. It turned up B. It turned out C. It turned on D. It turned over
turn up： 露面， 來到 We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7： 30， but he failed to turn up.
turn out： turn out to be sb./sth.； turn out that…證明是某人（某物），原來是┄┄
She turned out to be a friend of my sister./ It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.
turn on 開燈
turn （sb./sth.） over： 翻身或翻轉(zhuǎn)
She turned over and went to sleep.她轉(zhuǎn)過身就睡著了。
答案 B
39. "I'm tired， but let's go."
"Why _______ rest a while？"
A. let's B. not let's C. not D. let's not
答案 C
40. "We won't be finished until tonight."
"And they _______."
A. will， either B. won't， too C. will， neither D. won't， either
答案 D
41. "________？"
"A cup of tea， please."
A. Do you like tea B. Do you like a cup of tea
C. Would you like a cup of tea D. What would you like to drink
答案 D
42. "Do you mind if I open the window？"
"________."
A. Sure， certainly not B. All right
C. I don't know D. Not at all
答案 D
詞匯考試重點(diǎn)
考生除在學(xué)習(xí)中擴(kuò)大詞匯量外，還應(yīng)注意詞語的搭配、近義詞的區(qū)別以及由同一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的不同詞組之間意義的區(qū)別。
1. The news is _______ good to be true.
A. so…that B. much C. too D. very（答案 C）
2.Don't hesitate to _______ me if you are in trouble.
A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn up
turn out： a. 證明為 How did the party turn out？ It turned out very well， thanks.
b. turn sb. out： 趕走某人 My landlord is turning me out at the end of the month.
turn in ： a. 面朝內(nèi) b. go to bed .It's late. I think I'll turn in.
c. turn sb. in 將某人交給警方拘押。She threatened to turn him in.
turn to： turn to sb. 向某人尋求幫助 The child turned to his mother for comfort.
turn up： 露面 We arranaged to meet at the cinema at 7， but she failed to turn up.
近義詞之間的區(qū)別在于詞的內(nèi)涵不同……如，漢語中的"錯(cuò)誤"對(duì)應(yīng)著英語中的mistake和fault， 但兩個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵不一樣， mistake單純指所犯的錯(cuò)誤，而fault則側(cè)重于追究責(zé)任。
There must be some mistakes in this bill； please add up the figures again.（add up 加起來）
Whose fault is it that we're late？ 我們遲到是誰的錯(cuò)？（責(zé)任在誰）
有的近義詞之間的區(qū)別在于詞性不同或在句子中的用法不同。
1.He likes _______ questions in English classes.
A. to rise B. rising C. to raise D. to arise
rise 不及物動(dòng)詞；arise 不及物動(dòng)詞 呈現(xiàn)出現(xiàn) A new difficulty has arisen. 出現(xiàn)了新困難。答案 C
2.I _________ have coffee than tea.
A. like more B. prefer C. had better D. would rather
prefer： prefer sth. to sth. 更喜歡某事物。 I prefer walking to cycling.
答案 D
3.Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly_________.
A. like B. same C. alike D. same ones
A的正確答案應(yīng)該在后面加名詞。答案 C
掌握約3000個(gè)基礎(chǔ)英語單詞和相應(yīng)的常用詞組。詞匯考試主要是考單詞和詞組搭配。
構(gòu)詞法
英語的構(gòu)詞方法有三：合成（composition），派生（derivation）和轉(zhuǎn)換（conversion）。
一、合成
合成：合兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞而成為一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞的方法叫做合成。
1. 復(fù)合名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1）名詞＋名詞
classroom 教室， newspaper 報(bào)紙
2）形容詞＋名詞
blackboard 黑板，highway 公路，
3）動(dòng)詞＋名詞
break-water防波堤
4）副詞＋名詞
outbreak爆發(fā)， overcoat 大衣
5）代詞＋名詞
he-goat公山羊， she-wolf 母狼
6）動(dòng)詞＋副詞
break-down崩潰
7）名詞＋介詞短語
editor-in-chief 總編輯， father-in-law岳父
2. 復(fù)合形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1）名詞＋形容詞
snow-white 雪白的，world-wide全世界的
2）形容詞＋形容詞
bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 綠里發(fā)藍(lán)的
3）副詞＋形容詞
ever-green 常綠的
4）名詞＋分詞
snow-covered 白雪蓋著的，hand-made 手工制作的
5）形容詞＋分詞
good-looking 好看的
6）副詞＋分詞
well-meaning 好意的，well-informed消息靈通的
7）形容詞＋名詞
second-hand舊的，用過的，第二手的
8）形容詞＋名詞＋-ed
open-minded 胸襟開闊的，white-haired白發(fā)的
9）數(shù)詞＋名詞＋（－ed）
two-faced 兩面派的，
3. 復(fù)合動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式
1）副詞＋動(dòng)詞
overcome 克服， uphold支持，主張
2）名詞＋動(dòng)詞
sun-bathe行日光浴
二、派生
在一個(gè)單詞前或后加上一個(gè)詞綴，變成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞的方法叫做派生，詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種，加在單詞前的詞綴，叫前綴，加在單詞后的詞綴，叫后綴。
1.前綴 現(xiàn)將最常用的一些前綴（按字母順序）舉例如下：
anti- 反對(duì)
anti-Japanese war抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
arch- 主要的
arch-enemy 主要敵人
auto- 自動(dòng)的
automobile 小汽車， autobiography自傳
bi- 雙
bicycle 自行車，bilingual 用兩種語言的
by- 在旁
bystander 旁觀者，by-product副產(chǎn)品
co- 共同
co-operation合作，co-existence 共處
counter- 反
counter-attack 反攻，
de- 除去，否定
decentralization分散，不集中
dis- 否定
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)， disorder混亂，雜亂
en-， em- 使成為
enable使能夠，enslave奴役，encourage鼓勵(lì)
ex- 前
ex-president前任主席、總統(tǒng)或大學(xué)校長
extra- 外
extraordinary非常的，格外的
for-， fore- 先，前，預(yù)
forward向前，foresee預(yù)見，forearm前臂
for- 禁，棄
forbid禁止，forget忘記
in-， il-， im-， ir- 不，非
informal 非正式的，incomplete不完全的， irregular不規(guī)則的
inter- 間，相互
interview會(huì)見
mal- 惡
maltreat 虐待
micro- 微
microscope顯微鏡
mid- 中
mid-night半夜， mid-autumn中秋的
mis- 誤
misunderstand 誤會(huì)， misuse誤用
multi- 多
multi-national 多民族的
non- 非，不
nonexistent不存在的
post- 后于
post-war 戰(zhàn)后的，
pre- 先于
pre-war 戰(zhàn)前的
pro- 贊成，親善
pro-American 親美的
re- 重，再，復(fù)
review 復(fù)習(xí)
sub- 下，次
subdivide細(xì)分，再分
super- 上，超
super-structure 上層建筑
tele- 遠(yuǎn)
telephone 電話，telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡，television電視
trans- 橫過，轉(zhuǎn)移
transformation改造，translate翻譯
un- 不
unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，untrue不真實(shí)的
uni- 一、單
uniform 劃一的
2.名詞后綴
-age狀態(tài)，集合
marriage婚姻，shortage缺少，village村莊
-an 人
American美國人，Italian意大利人，意大利語，African非洲人
-ance， -ancy性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)
importance重要性，significance意義
-ant， -ent 人
assistant助手，助教， student學(xué)生
-ation， -ition 動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)
determination決心，industrialization工業(yè)化，preparation準(zhǔn)備
-craft 技巧，工藝
handicraft手工藝
-dom （狀態(tài)，領(lǐng)界）
freedom自由，kingdom王國
-ee （被動(dòng)）
employee雇員
-eer 人
engineer工程師， volunteer志愿者
-ence， -ency（抽象名詞）
dependence依靠，不獨(dú)立，excellence卓越
-er 人，動(dòng)作者
fighter戰(zhàn)士，worker工人，writer作家，harvester收割機(jī)
-ese 人，語言
Chinese中國人，中文，Japanese日本人，日文
-ess 女性
actress女演員，princess公主，hostess女主人，女乘務(wù)員（飛機(jī)上）
-ful 充滿
handful一把，armful一抱（這些詞亦可作為復(fù)合詞看）
-hood 身份，境遇，狀態(tài)
childhood童年，likelihood可能性
-ian 人
musician音樂家，technician技術(shù)員
-ity （抽象名詞）
possibility可能性，capability能力
-man 人
Englishman英國人，postman郵遞員（這些詞亦可作為復(fù)合詞看）
-ment 運(yùn)動(dòng)，結(jié)果
movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，development發(fā)展
-ness 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)
kindness和善，carefulness小心
-or 人，動(dòng)作者
actor男演員， editor 編輯，tractor拖拉機(jī)
-ry， -ery 行為，工作，性質(zhì)，工作地點(diǎn)，貨物種類，境遇等
bravery勇敢，nursery托兒所，cookery烹調(diào)
-ship 狀態(tài)，身分
friendship友誼，hardship苦難
-tion 動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)
attention注意，action行動(dòng)，revolution革命
-ty （抽象名詞）
cruelty殘酷， loyalty忠實(shí)
-ure 結(jié)果，動(dòng)作
pleasure快樂，pressure壓力
3.形容詞后綴
－able，-ible能夠
unforgettable難忘的，responsible負(fù)責(zé)的
-al 的
cultural文化的，national國家的
-an （地，人）的
Russian 俄羅斯的，俄羅斯人的，American美國的，美國人的
-ed 有，象
talented有才華的
-en 的
golden金色的，wooden木制的
-ern （表示方向的）
northern北方的，eastern東方的，southern南方的，western西方的
-ese?。ǖ兀耍┑?BR> Chinese中國的，中國人的，Japanese日本的，日本人的
-ful 充滿
careful小心的，beautiful美麗的，powerful強(qiáng)有力的
-ic， -ical 的
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的，political政治的，grammatical語法的
-ish 屬于，稍微
bookish書本氣的，yellowish稍黃的，selfish自私的，childish幼稚的
-ive 性，傾向
active 積極的， collective集體的
-less 無
fearless無所畏懼的，careless不小心的，useless無用的，meaningless無意義的
-like 如
childlike兒童般的（亦可作為復(fù)合詞看）
-ly 品質(zhì)，的
friendly友好的，weekly每星期的，manly丈夫氣的，daily每天的
-ous 多
nervous神經(jīng)緊張的，dangerous危險(xiǎn)的
-some 引起，適于，易于
troublesome煩人的，tiresome（令人感到厭倦的）
-ward 向
backward落后的
-y 充滿，性質(zhì)
rainy雨的，snowy雪的，handy手巧的，便于使用的
4.動(dòng)詞后綴
-ate
isolate使孤立，
-en
deepen加深，strengthen加強(qiáng)
-fy
simplify簡(jiǎn)化，classify分類
-ize， -ise
industrialize工業(yè)化
5. 副詞后綴
-ly
carefully小心地，beautifully美麗地，quickly迅速地
-ward， -wards向
forward向前，backward向后，upwards向上，downwards向下
-wise 方式
likewise同樣地，otherwise否則，用另一種方式
三、轉(zhuǎn)換
轉(zhuǎn)換 將一個(gè)單詞由某一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類，這就叫做轉(zhuǎn)換。單詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的意義往往與未轉(zhuǎn)換前的意義有密切的聯(lián)系。
1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
elbow 由"肘"轉(zhuǎn)義為"用肘推擠"
back 由"背，后面"轉(zhuǎn)義為"支持，后退"
2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
slow 由"慢"轉(zhuǎn)義為"放慢"
3.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
to take a walk 散步
to have a look 看一看
to have a try 試一試
4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
the wounded 受傷的人們， the beautiful美麗的東西，the blind盲人們
5.其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
a must必須做的事情，ups and downs高低起伏，ins and outs問題的底細(xì)
典型例題
考試的重點(diǎn)是詞匯之間的搭配，和近義詞之間的區(qū)別。
1. Driving a car is not as difficult as you imagine， if you ________ the rules.
A. depend on B. turn to C. put up D. stick to
depend on 依靠、依賴
turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向某人，turn to sb.向某人求助
put up with 容忍、忍受
stick to 遵守
答案 D
2. In my opinion， the changing job market will ______ people many difficulties.
A. find B. bring C. take D. get
find 找到
bring 帶來
take 拿走
get 得到
答案 B
3. Since the two restaurants ________ almost the same food and service， it doesn't matter where you stop to eat.
A. offer B. cook C. prepare D. afford
offer 提供
cook 烹飪
prepare 準(zhǔn)備
afford 付錢
答案 A
4. When he applied for a _______ in the office of the local newspaper， he was told to see the manager.
A. profession B. position C. career D. location
profession職業(yè)
position 職位
career 職業(yè)
location 方位
She chose an academic career. 答案 B
5. Margaret was so ________ for news of her lost child that she was almost driven mad.
A. careful B. responsible C. thirsty D. hostile
careful 仔細(xì)的
responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的
thirsty 極度渴望的
hostile 敵意的
答案 C
6. It is not polite to ________ when someone is making a speech at a meeting like this.
A. turn up B. cut in C. speak out D. stand by
turn up 來到，露面
cut in 打斷
speak out 大聲說
stand by 站到……旁邊
答案 B
7. The boss _______ angry when I spoke to him on the phone.
A. sounded B. looked C. grew D. talked
sounded 聽起來
looked 看起來
grew 變得
talked 談話
答案 A
8. All of her living cost ________2，000 yuan each month.
A. gets to B. equals to C. arrives at D. comes at
get to 到達(dá)某地
equal的用法：
equal： adj. be equal to sth./doing sth. 對(duì)某事有力量，勇氣，能力等， 能勝任
eg. She feels equal to the task. 她認(rèn)為能勝任該項(xiàng)工作。
He's equal to the occasion. 他能應(yīng)付這一局面。
He doesn't seems equal to meeting out demance
equal： v. equal sb./ sth. （in sth.） 與某人（某事物）相同或相等
eg. He is equaled by no one in kindness. 沒有人比他更善良。）
arrived at+地點(diǎn)狀語 到達(dá)某處
comes at 達(dá)到
答案 D
9. Her face is _________ to me， but I can't remember where I saw her.
A. similar B. friendly C. alike D. familiar
similar 相似的
friendly 友好的
alike 相像的
familiar 熟悉的
答案 D
10. Jump in the car. There's enough ________ for you.
A. place B. seat C. room D. space
place 地方
seat 座位
room 空間
space 宇宙空間
place 指具體地點(diǎn)
答案 C
11. It wasn't an accident. He did it on ________.
A. reason B. determination C. purpose D. intention
reason 原因
determination 決心
on purpose 故意
intention 目的
答案 C
12. You'll have to pay for the holiday in _______， I'm afraid.
A. front B. advance C. ahead D. forward
front 具體位置空間的前方
in advance 提前
ahead 在……之前，不和in 連用
forward 向前
答案 B
13. The bookstore hasn't ordered ________ textbooks for all the students in the course.
A. enough B. plenty C. as much as D. a great deal of
enough 修飾名詞，在名詞之前
plenty+of
as much as 不能修飾名詞
a great deal of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
答案 A
14. As I didn't have any experience， I was ________ problems.
A. likely to have B. probably having
C. probable to have D. likely having
be likely to do 很可能有……
probably 不接doing接to do
it's brobable for sb. that
答案 A
15. David may ________ ， but we must go at once.
A. stay late B. stay lately C. stay a little D. have stayed very late
stay late
stay lately lately 近來
答案 A
16. I don't think that your watch is _______.
A. worth of the price B. worth the price
C. worthy of the price D. worthy to buy
worthy： adj. a. be worthy of sth.
eg. Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise. 她的成就值得給予獎(jiǎng)賞。
b. be worthy to do sth.
eg. She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her.
worth： adj. a. be worth + n.
eg. Our house is worth about $ 60，000.
b. be worth doing
eg. The book is worth reading. =It's worth reading the book.
n. 值某金額的量 The thieves stole $ 1 million worth of jewellery.
D選項(xiàng)正確答案：worthy to be bought
答案 B
17. _________， it's very tidy.
A. As her room is small B. Small as her room is
C. As small her room is D. Small as her room
as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子需要倒?fàn)?。Young as he is， Jack is already familiar with most of the books
答案 B
18. As _______ as possible he opened the door and went out into the cold December night.
A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quietly
quiet adj.安靜的
答案 B
quite adv.十分，很；quite big
19. I felt thoroughly ________ in the crowded Manhattan.
A. wondered B. lost C. missed D. separated
wondered 懷疑
lost 迷路
missed 丟失
separated 分開
答案 B
20. The city has decided to _______ all the old buildings.
A. break away from B. get rid of
C. come up with D. knock down
break away from 1.掙脫 The prisoner broke away from his guards. 2. 脫離某政黨、政府等 A province has broken away to form a new state.
get rid of： 擺脫 The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can't get rid of them.
come up with sth.： 找到或提出（答案、辦法等）She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
knock down： 拆除 These old houses are going to be knocked down.
答案 D
21. When the school master is away， Mr. Johnson will be ______ the whole school.
A. in charge of B. in favor of C. in honor of D. in regard to
in charge of： 處于控制或支配的地位， 負(fù)責(zé)
Who's in charge here？這兒誰負(fù)責(zé)？
He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
in favor of sb./sth.： 支持某人/某事
Was he in favor of the death penalty？
in honor of ： 出于對(duì)某人的敬意
a ceremony in honor of those killed in battle 為紀(jì)念陣亡將士舉行的儀式
in/with regard to sb./sth. 關(guān)于某人/某事 I have nothing to say with/ in regard to your complaints.
答案 A
22. In his speech he _______ his experience as a teaching assistant.
A. returned to B. referred to C. stuck to D. turned to
return sth.（to sb./sth.）： 歸還，放回
She returned the bird to its cages. 她把鳥放回籠子里
Please return me my 5 yuan/ return my five yuan to me.
Refer to sb./sth.： 提到，說到或涉及到某人（某事物）
When I said some people are stupid， I wasn't referring to you.
Don't refer to this matter again， please. 請(qǐng)不要再提這件事。
stick to sth.： 堅(jiān)持或維持某事物
"Would you like some wine？"
"No， I'll stick to beer， thanks." 不，我還是喝啤酒吧。
turn to sb.（sth.）： 向某人（某事物）尋求幫助
She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助無門。
The more depressed he got， the more he turned to drink.
答案 B
23. He tried his best in the first game， but was ________ by the little boy.
A. won B. hit C. beaten D. held
A：win-won-won； 贏得
B：hit 打
C：beat 打，
D： hold-held-held 舉行
答案 C
24. I wanted to go home but my wife _______ on going to the concert.
A. persisted B. resisted C. insisted D. intended
persisted：persist： persist in doing sth. 堅(jiān)持做某事
He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle.
resist+n 抵抗
intend： intend to do sth. 想要做……
答案 C
25. The government gave several good ______ for increasing the tax on cigarettes.
A. purposes B. reasons C. questions D. problems
purpose 目的
reason 原因
question 問題
problem 問題
答案 B
26. Four people were seriously _______ in the accident.
A. injured B. damaged C. spoiled D. broken
injure 受傷
damage： 表示使被損壞的對(duì)象失去或降低其自身價(jià)值， 但不完全毀掉。
He damaged my car with a stone.
ruin： 常強(qiáng)調(diào)完全毀掉。 The storm has ruined the garden.
spoil： 語氣比ruin弱，不強(qiáng)調(diào)完全毀掉，表示使被害方失去其完美性。
He spoiled his painting by putting too much red paint on it.
spoil：有時(shí)也包含最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全毀掉之義。
He has spoiled his constitution with bad living.
答案 A
27. He spoke so quickly that I didn't ________ what he said.
A. listen B. catch C. miss D. receive
listen 聽 listen to
catch 抓住，聽到
miss 丟失
receive 收到
28. He was poor but proud， and _______ every offer of help.
A. turned down B. turned on
C. turned off D. turned out
turn down 拒絕
turn on 打開。turn on the light 開燈
turn off 關(guān)上。turn off the light
turn out 證明為……
答案 A
29. In Britain， the best season of the year is probably _______ spring.
A. later B. latter C. last D. late
later 以后。
latter 后者
last 最后
late 晚的
答案 D
30. How ________ is it from here to the city center？
A. long B. far C. distant D. near
how long 一段延續(xù)的時(shí)間
——How long have you studied English？
——I have studied English for 3 years （since 3 years ago）。
答案 B
31. I wanted to go there by plane but I hadn't enough money to pay for the _____.
A. journey B. distance C. road D. way
journey 旅行
distance 距離
road 道路
way 方式方法
答案A
32. Her parents wouldn't _______ her to stay out later than 10：30 at night.
A. require B. ask C. encourage D. permit
stay out 不回家
require 要求
ask 要求
encourage 鼓勵(lì)
permit 允許
答案 D
33. Last Sunday， ________ my great surprise， I met Bullen in town.
A. for B. to C. as D. at
（to one's surprise 使某人感到驚奇）
答案 B
34. Most Chinese like to drink tea. But some prefer coffee ________ tea.
A. to B. with C. for D. against
prefer……to……
答案 A
35. I'm in no ________ this evening to listen to his silly jokes.
A. feeling B. attitude C. opinion D. mood
feeling 感情
attitude 態(tài)度
opinion 觀點(diǎn)
mood 情緒
答案 D
36. Tennis is a _________ invented by an Englishman a hundred years ago.
A. play B. match C. game D. event
play： n. 比賽，競(jìng)賽 The tennis players need total concentration during play.
match 比賽
game 運(yùn)動(dòng)
event 事件
答案 C
37. That's the biggest ______ he has ever told in his life.
A. talk B. speech C. lesson D. lie
talk：give/have a talk 談話
speech：make/deliver a speech 做演講
lesson：teach a lesson： 教訓(xùn)
learn one's lesson： 汲取教訓(xùn)
lie：tell a lie
答案 D
38. _______ that the jewels had been stolen by one of the guards.
A. It turned up B. It turned out C. It turned on D. It turned over
turn up： 露面， 來到 We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7： 30， but he failed to turn up.
turn out： turn out to be sb./sth.； turn out that…證明是某人（某物），原來是┄┄
She turned out to be a friend of my sister./ It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.
turn on 開燈
turn （sb./sth.） over： 翻身或翻轉(zhuǎn)
She turned over and went to sleep.她轉(zhuǎn)過身就睡著了。
答案 B
39. "I'm tired， but let's go."
"Why _______ rest a while？"
A. let's B. not let's C. not D. let's not
答案 C
40. "We won't be finished until tonight."
"And they _______."
A. will， either B. won't， too C. will， neither D. won't， either
答案 D
41. "________？"
"A cup of tea， please."
A. Do you like tea B. Do you like a cup of tea
C. Would you like a cup of tea D. What would you like to drink
答案 D
42. "Do you mind if I open the window？"
"________."
A. Sure， certainly not B. All right
C. I don't know D. Not at all
答案 D
詞匯考試重點(diǎn)
考生除在學(xué)習(xí)中擴(kuò)大詞匯量外，還應(yīng)注意詞語的搭配、近義詞的區(qū)別以及由同一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的不同詞組之間意義的區(qū)別。
1. The news is _______ good to be true.
A. so…that B. much C. too D. very（答案 C）
2.Don't hesitate to _______ me if you are in trouble.
A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn up
turn out： a. 證明為 How did the party turn out？ It turned out very well， thanks.
b. turn sb. out： 趕走某人 My landlord is turning me out at the end of the month.
turn in ： a. 面朝內(nèi) b. go to bed .It's late. I think I'll turn in.
c. turn sb. in 將某人交給警方拘押。She threatened to turn him in.
turn to： turn to sb. 向某人尋求幫助 The child turned to his mother for comfort.
turn up： 露面 We arranaged to meet at the cinema at 7， but she failed to turn up.
近義詞之間的區(qū)別在于詞的內(nèi)涵不同……如，漢語中的"錯(cuò)誤"對(duì)應(yīng)著英語中的mistake和fault， 但兩個(gè)詞的內(nèi)涵不一樣， mistake單純指所犯的錯(cuò)誤，而fault則側(cè)重于追究責(zé)任。
There must be some mistakes in this bill； please add up the figures again.（add up 加起來）
Whose fault is it that we're late？ 我們遲到是誰的錯(cuò)？（責(zé)任在誰）
有的近義詞之間的區(qū)別在于詞性不同或在句子中的用法不同。
1.He likes _______ questions in English classes.
A. to rise B. rising C. to raise D. to arise
rise 不及物動(dòng)詞；arise 不及物動(dòng)詞 呈現(xiàn)出現(xiàn) A new difficulty has arisen. 出現(xiàn)了新困難。答案 C
2.I _________ have coffee than tea.
A. like more B. prefer C. had better D. would rather
prefer： prefer sth. to sth. 更喜歡某事物。 I prefer walking to cycling.
答案 D
3.Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly_________.
A. like B. same C. alike D. same ones
A的正確答案應(yīng)該在后面加名詞。答案 C