【成考英語】高起點(diǎn)英語語法歸納代詞(三)

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代詞(三)
    不 定 代 詞
    一、“every”(每一個(gè))只作為定語使用,即必須在其后加上單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語,它不可與everyone(每一個(gè))混淆。 everyone相當(dāng)于名詞,它不可修飾其他名詞,只作主語或賓語
    1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated, but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?
    2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .
    例題解析
    1) A錯(cuò)。every不可單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分,應(yīng)在其后加上person或改為everyone.
    2) A錯(cuò)。改為Every,修飾child.
    二、“much”和“many”分別修飾不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞,可作為代詞(如much of)和形容詞使用
    3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.
    4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments, much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.
    5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.
    例題解析
    3) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為of many,因?yàn)楸恍揎椩~cultures為可數(shù)名詞,故其修飾語應(yīng)用many,而much要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
    4) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用many,因此處所指代的是可數(shù)名詞governments(復(fù)數(shù)),many在本句中為代詞,作非限定性定語從句的主語。
    5) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改為much evidence,因?yàn)閑vidence(證據(jù),跡象)為不可數(shù)名詞,故應(yīng)用much來修飾。
    三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定數(shù)量的代詞,相當(dāng)于漢語的“一些”,作定語可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其中some(包括它的合成詞something,someone, somebody)多用于肯定句,而any(包括它的合成詞anything, anyone, anybody)則用于疑問句和否定句中,其中any在否定句中相當(dāng)于漢語中的“任何”;形容詞修飾something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, nobody時(shí),形容詞要放在這些詞的后邊
    6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.
    例題解析
    6) B錯(cuò)。應(yīng)為any general,因?yàn)楸揪錇榉穸ň洌ǚ穸ǜ痹~never),應(yīng)該用any,此處表示“(沒有達(dá)成過) 任何共識”。
    四、“another”和“other”分別表示“另外的一個(gè)”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思,可以用作定語修飾名詞或單獨(dú)作主語與賓語,其中前者只用來修飾或指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,后者修飾單復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,二者不能相互混淆
    7) Lizards lack [A] the builtin body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .
    8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful, but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses, crackers, and many other foods [D] .
    9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms, the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.
    例題解析
    7) C錯(cuò)。應(yīng)改用other來修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞creatures.本句是一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that(或which)的定語從句,control為名詞作主句中及物動(dòng)詞(謂語)lack的賓語,同時(shí)又受其后面定語從句的修飾。
    8) B錯(cuò)。 改為others.
    9) B錯(cuò)。 改為other.