2011考研英語押題:2011年考研英語考前押題及參考答案解析(5)

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Text 4 Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child‘s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children’s characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls‘ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.
     1. Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because_____.
     [A] they care too much about the life change
     [B] the great stress of their families diminishes their ability
     [C] they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change
     [D] they are faced with more parents‘ fights than the relaxed, easygoing children
     2. The following statements are true EXCEPT_____.
     [A] divorce is usually caused by more than one reason
     [B] a six-year-old boy may fear being deserted by his parents
     [C] as the kids grow older, they have a better understanding of divorce
     [D] a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boy
     3. It can be inferred from the passage that the impact of divorce_____.
     [A] on kids of different sexes will probably change as they grow older
     [B] may cause most kids’ difficulties in communicating with others
     [C] on an irritable girl is greater than a noncompliant boy
     [D] is always greater on boys than on girls
     4. According to the author, the reason why parental divorce has greater effect on boys than on girls is that_____.
     [A] all cultures encourage male aggression and noncompliance
     [B] boys are always involved in their parents‘ fights
     [C] males are usually viewed as the models in self-control and strong will
     [D] boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls
     5. What is the main idea of the passage?
     [A] Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their life.
     [B] The impact of parental divorce on children varies in personality, age and gender.
     [C] Boys may become more aggressive than girls in disrupted families.
     [D] Kids of different ages behave differently on parental divorce.
    答案1. A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B
     總體分析本文介紹了父母離異對不同的孩子影響不同。
     第一段:先提出造成孩子對父母離異有不同反應(yīng)的幾個因素,接著分析個性在孩子適應(yīng)父母離異狀況時的影響。
     第二段:分析父母離異對不同年齡的孩子的影響。
     第三段:分析父母離異對不同性別的孩子的影響。
     試題精解
     1. 喜怒無常、性格急躁的孩子很難適應(yīng)父母的離異,因為_____.[A] 他們對生活的變化太過在意[B] 來自家庭的巨大壓力削弱了他們的能力[C] 他們往往很容易發(fā)脾氣,而且對生活的變化很敏感[D] 與個性溫和、容易相處的孩子們比,他們面臨父母更多的爭吵[精解] 本題考查事實細節(jié)。第一段第三句提到,“喜怒無常、性格急躁的孩子與個性溫和、容易相處的孩子相比,更難以應(yīng)對父母的離異,因為他們一般更難以適應(yīng)生活上的變化”。該句中as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。因此[A]為正確答案,其中“care too much about”是原文“have more difficulty adapting to”的改寫。[B]有較大干擾性,該段第四句進一步分析指出,壓力使孩子難以適應(yīng)生活上的變化,但這種壓力可能來自家庭也可能來自其它方面。[C]中前一部分“容易發(fā)脾氣”不是原因,只能算是不適應(yīng)環(huán)境的表現(xiàn)。[D]本身從文中無法推知,更不是原因。全文末句提到的是“男孩比女孩面臨父母更多的爭吵”。
     2. 下面這些說法都是正確的,除了_____.[A] 離異經(jīng)常是由不止一個原因造成的[B] 一個六歲的男孩也許會害怕被父母拋棄[C] 當孩子長大后,他們對離異會有更好的理解[D] 一個年幼些的女孩也許比一個年長些的男孩對父母離異更感到羞愧[精解] 本題考查推理引申。第二段第三句提到,年長孩子對父母離異的羞愧、憤怒及自我反省心理取代了年幼孩子的困惑和恐懼心理。由此可見,年長的孩子更容易感到羞愧。[D]與事實相反。為本題的正確選項。該段第二句提到,長大的孩子更能意識到父母離異的決定不能簡單歸結(jié)于任何單一的原因。因此[C]正確,[A]是該句中提到的事實。第三句提到,8歲以后孩子對被拋棄的恐懼才會減少,因此可推出[B]符合事實。
     3. 從文章中可以推知,離異_____.[A] (當不同性別的孩子長大時)其影響可能會產(chǎn)生變化[B] 也許會造成大部分孩子交流時的困難[C] 對一個性格急躁的女孩的影響比對一個性格溫順的男孩的影響要大[D] 對男孩的影響總是比女孩大[精解] 本題考查推理引申。全文提到了多個決定父母離異對孩子影響的因素,包括性格、年齡、性別。第一段指出,喜怒無常、性格急躁的孩子更容易受影響。第二段提到,隨著年齡的增長,一些影響會消失或新的影響出現(xiàn)。第三段則提到,父母離異最初對男孩的影響較大,而女孩受到的影響較隱蔽,進入青春期或成年期后,新的問題又浮出水面。因此[A]是面的論述。文中沒有提到“孩子交流”的問題,排除[B]。[C]涉及性別和個性兩個因素,因此無法判斷誰受到的影響更大;[D]太片面,只考慮了性別因素。
     4. 根據(jù)作者的觀點,父母離異對男孩的影響比女孩大的原因是_____.[A] 所有文化都鼓勵男人具有攻擊性和不順從[B] 男孩總是被卷入父母的爭吵中[C] 男人總是被看作自律和意志堅強的模范[D] 男孩基本上比女孩更自律[精解] 本題考查推理引申。第三段中間作者提出了一個問題,怎樣解釋離婚對男孩影響比女孩大的原因呢?接下來文章從三個方面進行了解釋:一,我們的文化更能容忍男孩具有攻擊性和不馴服;二,男孩更希望樹立起自律的強悍的男人形象,也希望父母嚴格自律;三,男孩較少受到他人的同情與支持。[C]符合第二點原因,是正確項。[A]錯在“所有文化”,文章中是“我們的文化”。[B]錯在“卷入(involved in)”,全文最后一句提到的是“男孩更容易看到(be exposed to)父母吵架”。[D]這種說法無從推知。
     5. 文章的主旨大意是什么?
     [A] 父母離異對孩子一生都有負面影響。
     [B] 父母離異對孩子的影響隨個性、年齡與性別而不同。
     [C] 在破裂的家庭中男孩比女孩可能更具攻擊性。
     [D] 不同年齡的孩子對待父母離異的行為不同。
     [精解] 本題考查文章主旨。文章第一、二句提出了全文的主題,即,經(jīng)歷父母離異的孩子會有不同的行為反應(yīng),它們?nèi)Q于孩子的個性特點、性別及其在父母離婚時的年齡。文章接下來的內(nèi)容分別圍繞這三個因素展開分析和論述。因此[B]是文章主旨。
     核心詞匯或超綱詞匯(1)rate(v.)評估,評價,認為,如They ~d him highly as a colleague.(作為同事,他們對他評價甚高。)
     (2)surface(v.)浮出水面;(隱藏或被掩蓋一段時間后)露面,重新出現(xiàn),顯露,如She ~d again years later in London.(多年后她又出現(xiàn)在倫敦。)
     (3)disciplinarian(n.)嚴格紀律信奉者;嚴格執(zhí)行紀律者,如 She‘s a very strict ~。(她執(zhí)行紀律非常嚴格。)
     全文翻譯盡管父母離異對孩子有普遍的負面影響,但經(jīng)歷父母離異的孩子會有不同的行為反應(yīng),記住這一點很重要。這些孩子具體的行為取決于他們的個性、特點、性別及其在父母離異時的年齡。在個性方面,那些被認為喜怒無常和性格急躁的孩子與個性溫和又容易相處的孩子相比,更難以應(yīng)對父母的離異,因為他們一般更難以適應(yīng)生活上的變化。壓力,比如在破裂家庭中產(chǎn)生的壓力,似乎削弱了這些喜怒無常的孩子們適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力,壓力越大,他們適應(yīng)環(huán)境的能力越弱。相反,適度的壓力實際上可以幫助那些個性溫和的孩子學習如何應(yīng)對逆境。
     孩子的年齡與他們對父母離異所產(chǎn)生的獨特反應(yīng)有著某種聯(lián)系。隨著孩子年齡的增長,他們更可能自由表達各種各樣復(fù)雜的感情,更可能理解這些情感,也更能意識到父母離異的決定不能簡單歸結(jié)于任何單一的原因。孩子在6歲后自我責備的心理幾乎完全消失,8歲以后對被拋棄的恐懼減少,與此同時,年長孩子對父母離異的羞愧、憤怒及自我反省心理取代了年幼孩子的困惑和恐懼心理。
     孩子的性別也是一個可以預(yù)測他們對父母離異反應(yīng)特點的因素。父母離異最初對男孩的影響比女孩要大,因為男孩好斗,不像女孩那樣溫順,在人際關(guān)系上存在更多的困難,而且在家中或在學校里會表現(xiàn)出不好的行為。不僅如此,男孩在父母離異兩年后仍然表現(xiàn)出適應(yīng)性問題。女孩的適應(yīng)性問題更為隱蔽,不會外在表現(xiàn)出來,而且經(jīng)常在父母離異兩年內(nèi)被解決。然而,當女孩進入青,春期或成年期后,新的問題又會浮出水面。怎樣解釋離婚對男孩影響比女孩大的原因呢?男孩更具攻擊性和不馴服可能反應(yīng)這樣一個事實,在我們的文化中這種行為發(fā)生在男孩身上更容易得到寬容與鼓勵。而且,男孩可能特別希望樹立起一個自律的強悍的男人形象,也特別希望父母自身就是紀律的嚴格執(zhí)行者。最后,與女孩相比,男孩更容易看到父母吵架,而且,在父母離異后,他們也不大可能像女孩那樣受到母親、老師或者同齡人的同情和支持。