巧妙應(yīng)對(duì)雅思寫作的“There be”句型

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★以下是英文寫作翻譯頻道為大家整理的《巧妙應(yīng)對(duì)雅思寫作的“There be”句型》,供大家參考。更多內(nèi)容請(qǐng)看本站寫作翻譯頻道。
    1. there be和have對(duì)沖
    我們都知道,基本的語法常識(shí)告訴我們,there be和have是不可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的,但是事與愿違,考生對(duì)二者的混用樂此不疲,請(qǐng)看下例:
    (1) There has a class meeting. (×)
    (2) There is a class meeting. (√)
    (3) There will be have some negative effects on the environment. (×)
    (4) There will be some negative effects on the environment. (√)
    There be結(jié)構(gòu)與have都可表示"有"的含義,但在意義上have強(qiáng)調(diào)"所有",而there be則強(qiáng)調(diào)"存在",它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has代替。there不能和have (has)連用。There后無論有多少助動(dòng)詞,最后要落實(shí)到be上。
    下面我們通過簡單的舉例補(bǔ)充說明下二者的異同:
    a. 相同點(diǎn)
    表示“一年有……個(gè)月/季節(jié)、一小時(shí)有……分鐘”等某些客觀存在的“有”時(shí),我們既可以用have / has, 也可以用there is / are。例如:
    A year has four seasons. = There are four seasons in a year.
    A minute has sixty seconds. = There are sixty seconds in a minute.
    b. 不同點(diǎn)
    ●have強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬”關(guān)系,即“擁有”。例如:
    I have a younger sister.
    Tom has a new computer.
    ●there be強(qiáng)調(diào)“存在”關(guān)系,表示“(某個(gè)地方、某個(gè)時(shí)候)有(什么)”,常與地點(diǎn)狀語或時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:
    There is a map of China on the wall.
    There is a comedy at 7:30 this evening.
    小結(jié):在使用過程中,首要的問題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示“存在”關(guān)系,have表示“所屬”關(guān)系,兩者不能混合在一個(gè)句子中。
    2. there be主謂一致問題
    主謂一致問題是考生所犯的最為頻繁的錯(cuò)誤之一,其實(shí)從這點(diǎn)可以看出,雅思考試的語法點(diǎn)并不是很難,關(guān)鍵就是細(xì)心程度。首先要認(rèn)識(shí)到在此句型中,這里there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義,be是謂語動(dòng)詞,代詞或名詞(短語)是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例如:
    (1) There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語是a desk, 是單數(shù),故be的形式要用is)
    (2) There are two chairs and a desk in the room.(緊挨著be動(dòng)詞的主語是two chairs, 是復(fù)數(shù),故be的形式要用are)
    (3) There are some people in the classroom.(同上)
    小結(jié):雅思考試和國內(nèi)的其他等級(jí)考試有所不同,四六級(jí)很多時(shí)候過分強(qiáng)調(diào)語法的高級(jí)、句式的復(fù)雜和詞匯的生僻。但是就雅思考試作文項(xiàng)來講,重視的是語法的準(zhǔn)確、使用的地道合適以及使用的自然流暢、恰到好處。
    3. 關(guān)于There be+sb.+doing sth句式
    此句式意為“有某人在做某事”。我們的考生在寫作的時(shí)候,經(jīng)常會(huì)在there be sb/sth之后添加動(dòng)作來修飾物體和人的動(dòng)作表現(xiàn),但是往往也因此就出現(xiàn)了很多錯(cuò)誤。例如:
    (1) There are a great deal of people go abroad every year.
    正解:There are a great deal of people going abroad every year.
    (2) There are some people suggest that we demolish old building in cities.
    正解:There are some people suggesting that we demolish old buildings in cities.
    在there be句式中,表示“有某人在做某事”時(shí),后面的動(dòng)作要變化成動(dòng)名詞形式,這是基本的語法常識(shí)。
    4. 時(shí)態(tài)問題
    眾所周知,英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是由動(dòng)詞的變位來體現(xiàn)的,在雅思作文中,如果時(shí)態(tài)出現(xiàn)問題,那么考生的語法錯(cuò)誤面積就會(huì)通篇暴露在考官面前,因?yàn)樽魑牡拿烤湓捴?,幾乎都離不開動(dòng)詞,因此,對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的把握是極其重要的。在there be句型中,be已經(jīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞,所以,此句型的時(shí)態(tài)是通過對(duì)be動(dòng)詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的。簡單列舉分析如下:
    (1) There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.(一般將來時(shí))
    (2) There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.(一般將來時(shí))
    (3) There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight(一般將來時(shí))
    (4) There have been a lot of accidents round here.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
    (5) There has been some awful weather lately.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
    (6) He told me that there had been an argument between them.(過去完成時(shí))
    (7) There will have been a definite result before Friday.(將來完成時(shí))
    小結(jié):考生要對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)非常敏感,否則會(huì)因?yàn)檎Z法的錯(cuò)誤面積太大而失去了作文的整體質(zhì)量,高分必定難以保證。
    不要盲目追求所謂語法的高級(jí)程度和華麗,要重實(shí)用性、重準(zhǔn)確度。筆者認(rèn)為,中國考生的語法儲(chǔ)備量是極大的,我國的語法教育十分的系統(tǒng)甚至過細(xì)和繁瑣,所以問題就變成了,不是需要不停地補(bǔ)充新的語法知識(shí),而是要把現(xiàn)有的語法知識(shí)順暢輸出、細(xì)心使用。一旦語法過關(guān)了,我們?cè)谌〉醚潘几叻值穆飞暇腿サ袅艘粋€(gè)極大的障礙。