Lesson 20 Man,the Unknown 人類—神秘的巨人
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construc tion of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling,they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes,coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has no been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
physiological a. 生理的 mental a. 精神的
neglect vt. 忽視 expand vi. 擴(kuò)張
consideration n. 考慮 effect n. 影響
descendent n. 子孫，后代 mode n. 方式
existence n. 生存 impose vt. 強(qiáng)加
with no regard for 不關(guān)心 deprive vt. 剝奪
skyscraper n. 摩天大樓 tenant n. 租戶
gigantic a. 巨大的 civilize vi. 使文明
luxury n. 豪華 dwelling n. 住所
monstrous a. 畸形的 edifice n. 大廈
petrol fumes 汽油味 monstrous a. 畸形的
edifice n. 大廈 petrol fumes 汽油味
ceaselessly ad. 不停地
1.physiological a. 生理的
physics/physical+ biology/biological
motel 汽車旅館 motor+ hotel
smog 煙霧 smoke+ fog
biochemisty 生化 biology+ chemistr
anthrax 炭疽熱
2.mental a. 精神的
mental work 腦力勞動(dòng)
mental worker 腦力勞動(dòng)者
physical/manual work 體力勞動(dòng)
mental ground 思想境界
mental outlook 精神面貌
mental/natural age 心理/真實(shí)年齡
mental patient 精神病人
mental hospital 精神病院
mentality n. 智力
3.neglect vt. 忽視
[辨異]neglect, ignore
She is neglected at the party. 宴會上人們都沒有注意到她。（客觀）
She is ignored at the party. 宴會上人們都不理她。（主觀，人們明明看見她了可是都故意不理她。）
4.expand vi. 擴(kuò)張
expansion n. 擴(kuò)充，開展，膨脹，擴(kuò)張物，遼闊，浩瀚
consideration n. 考慮
take all into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)
My father/dad doesn’t give the consideration to me.
我父親根本就考慮不到我。
5.effect n. 影響
[辨異]effect, influence, impact
effect (直觀的，可以目睹的)影響
influence （潛移默化的，看不見的）影響
impact （突然的，瞬時(shí)的）影響
6.descendent n. 子孫，后代
descend v. 下去
ascend v. 上升
ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
I’m a Chinese descendent.
我是炎黃子孫。
offspring n. 兒女，子孫，后代 沒有復(fù)數(shù)
posterity n. 子孫，后裔 沒有復(fù)數(shù)
successor n. 繼承人，繼任者
7.mode n. 方式
mode of existence 生存方式
live a mouth-to-hand existence 生活過得不富裕
make ends meet 勉強(qiáng)維持生活
8.impose vt. 強(qiáng)加
impose on （注意介詞是on）
wield(揮舞) on
My dad is imposing. 我爸爸威嚴(yán)無比。
9.with no regard for 不關(guān)心
The boss ran his business with no regard for the welfare of the workers.
老板開工廠從不關(guān)心工人的利益。
10.skyscraper n. 摩天大樓
towering building 高聳入云的，象塔一樣
highrise 高層的，高層建筑的
The is no scarcity of skyscraper in New York.
紐約到處都是高樓大廈。
11.gigantic a. 巨大的
giant adj. 巨大的，龐大的
Yaoming is a gaint.
giant panda 大熊貓
huge adj. （體積）龐大
vast adj. （面積）巨大
volume n. 體積
12.civilize vi. 使文明
civilization n. 文明
civil adj. 全民的，市民的
savage adj. 野蠻的，野性的
13.luxury n. 豪華
luxuriant adj. 豐產(chǎn)的，豐富的，肥沃的，奢華的
The lady bought so many luxuries.
這個(gè)女人買了很多奢侈品。
14.dwelling n. 住所 抽象概念 only used in formal
city dweller 城市人
residence n. 居住，住宅 比較正式
resident adj. 居住的; n. 居民
inhabit v. 居住，棲息
We inhabit the earth. 我們居住在地球。
注意inhabit 后面沒有介詞。
15.deprive vt. 剝奪
deprive sb of sth 剝奪某人的……
I’m deprived. 我一無所有。
deprived class 貧民階層
proletariat 無產(chǎn)階級
bourgeois 資產(chǎn)階級
possess 擁有
dispossess 搶奪
invest 投資
devest 剝奪
16.monstrous a. 畸形的
monster n. 魔鬼，怪物
He is a monster. 他奇丑無比。
gorilla n. 大猩猩
17.edifice n. 大廈
The whole edifice of his hope collapsed.
mansion n. 大廈
a dream of red mansions 紅樓夢
west chamber 西廂記
18.petrol fumes 汽油味
petrol 汽油[英]
gasoline 汽油[美]
petroleum 石油
19.ceaselessly ad. 不停地
cease 的用法與stop 一樣
cease doing
cease to do
cease fire ?；?BR> 1. The article is about: 工業(yè)帶來的巨大影響
In the organization of industrial life……在工業(yè)生活的組織方面
the influence of the factory ……h(huán)as been completely neglected 工廠對工人的……影響完全被忽視。
upon 常用于書面語
on 常用于口語
the physiological and mental state of the workers 工人的身心狀態(tài)
in the organization of social life→in social life→society
in family life→family life→in a family
academic 學(xué)術(shù)的
in academic life→at school
2.Modern industry is based on the conception of 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)是建筑在以……的概念的基礎(chǔ)上
concept: very basic, very concrete idea
conception= notion 理念
the maximum production 的規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
at lowest cost 最低的成本
in order that……表目的，以使得
individual 這里指manager, owner, CEO
3.It has expanded it指industry
without any idea= without giving any consideration 沒有考慮
the true nature of the human beings 人的本性
the effects produced on …… the factory
produced 作后置定語
without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants 這是個(gè)歧義句
artificial intelligence 人工智能
4. have been built with 修建起來，完善起來
5.shape 形狀
entirely= completely
income 收入
per square foot of ground 每一平方公尺，名詞短語做狀語，省略by
necessity of 需求
offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb 向某人提供東西
that……后置定語
6.this caused ……引發(fā)
masses 百姓
7.civilized man 文明人
反語:文明人對此還是頗為津津樂道的
8.enjoy 欣賞，享用
banal 平庸，庸俗
the necessities of life: 生活的自然，相互交際
9.moden city 現(xiàn)代都市
consist of 組成
monstrous edifices 奇形怪狀的高樓大廈
dark, marrow streets 狹窄黑暗的街道
full of petrol fumes 充滿了汽油味
coal dust 煤灰
[辨異]toxic, poisonous
toxic adj. 有毒的（含毒）
Smoking is toxic.
poisonous adj. 有毒的（全部含毒）
torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses 夾雜著出租汽車、大卡車和公共汽車的喧鬧聲
torn tear的過去分詞
I was torn by the choice of going aboard or staying home.
taxi 來自法語，“費(fèi)”的意思
cab: carriage
throng 擁擠
10.it 指城市
for the good of= for one’s benefits= for one’s behalf= for one’s interests= in the interest of sb 為……著想
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construc tion of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling,they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes,coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has no been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
physiological a. 生理的 mental a. 精神的
neglect vt. 忽視 expand vi. 擴(kuò)張
consideration n. 考慮 effect n. 影響
descendent n. 子孫，后代 mode n. 方式
existence n. 生存 impose vt. 強(qiáng)加
with no regard for 不關(guān)心 deprive vt. 剝奪
skyscraper n. 摩天大樓 tenant n. 租戶
gigantic a. 巨大的 civilize vi. 使文明
luxury n. 豪華 dwelling n. 住所
monstrous a. 畸形的 edifice n. 大廈
petrol fumes 汽油味 monstrous a. 畸形的
edifice n. 大廈 petrol fumes 汽油味
ceaselessly ad. 不停地
1.physiological a. 生理的
physics/physical+ biology/biological
motel 汽車旅館 motor+ hotel
smog 煙霧 smoke+ fog
biochemisty 生化 biology+ chemistr
anthrax 炭疽熱
2.mental a. 精神的
mental work 腦力勞動(dòng)
mental worker 腦力勞動(dòng)者
physical/manual work 體力勞動(dòng)
mental ground 思想境界
mental outlook 精神面貌
mental/natural age 心理/真實(shí)年齡
mental patient 精神病人
mental hospital 精神病院
mentality n. 智力
3.neglect vt. 忽視
[辨異]neglect, ignore
She is neglected at the party. 宴會上人們都沒有注意到她。（客觀）
She is ignored at the party. 宴會上人們都不理她。（主觀，人們明明看見她了可是都故意不理她。）
4.expand vi. 擴(kuò)張
expansion n. 擴(kuò)充，開展，膨脹，擴(kuò)張物，遼闊，浩瀚
consideration n. 考慮
take all into consideration 把一切都考慮在內(nèi)
My father/dad doesn’t give the consideration to me.
我父親根本就考慮不到我。
5.effect n. 影響
[辨異]effect, influence, impact
effect (直觀的，可以目睹的)影響
influence （潛移默化的，看不見的）影響
impact （突然的，瞬時(shí)的）影響
6.descendent n. 子孫，后代
descend v. 下去
ascend v. 上升
ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗
I’m a Chinese descendent.
我是炎黃子孫。
offspring n. 兒女，子孫，后代 沒有復(fù)數(shù)
posterity n. 子孫，后裔 沒有復(fù)數(shù)
successor n. 繼承人，繼任者
7.mode n. 方式
mode of existence 生存方式
live a mouth-to-hand existence 生活過得不富裕
make ends meet 勉強(qiáng)維持生活
8.impose vt. 強(qiáng)加
impose on （注意介詞是on）
wield(揮舞) on
My dad is imposing. 我爸爸威嚴(yán)無比。
9.with no regard for 不關(guān)心
The boss ran his business with no regard for the welfare of the workers.
老板開工廠從不關(guān)心工人的利益。
10.skyscraper n. 摩天大樓
towering building 高聳入云的，象塔一樣
highrise 高層的，高層建筑的
The is no scarcity of skyscraper in New York.
紐約到處都是高樓大廈。
11.gigantic a. 巨大的
giant adj. 巨大的，龐大的
Yaoming is a gaint.
giant panda 大熊貓
huge adj. （體積）龐大
vast adj. （面積）巨大
volume n. 體積
12.civilize vi. 使文明
civilization n. 文明
civil adj. 全民的，市民的
savage adj. 野蠻的，野性的
13.luxury n. 豪華
luxuriant adj. 豐產(chǎn)的，豐富的，肥沃的，奢華的
The lady bought so many luxuries.
這個(gè)女人買了很多奢侈品。
14.dwelling n. 住所 抽象概念 only used in formal
city dweller 城市人
residence n. 居住，住宅 比較正式
resident adj. 居住的; n. 居民
inhabit v. 居住，棲息
We inhabit the earth. 我們居住在地球。
注意inhabit 后面沒有介詞。
15.deprive vt. 剝奪
deprive sb of sth 剝奪某人的……
I’m deprived. 我一無所有。
deprived class 貧民階層
proletariat 無產(chǎn)階級
bourgeois 資產(chǎn)階級
possess 擁有
dispossess 搶奪
invest 投資
devest 剝奪
16.monstrous a. 畸形的
monster n. 魔鬼，怪物
He is a monster. 他奇丑無比。
gorilla n. 大猩猩
17.edifice n. 大廈
The whole edifice of his hope collapsed.
mansion n. 大廈
a dream of red mansions 紅樓夢
west chamber 西廂記
18.petrol fumes 汽油味
petrol 汽油[英]
gasoline 汽油[美]
petroleum 石油
19.ceaselessly ad. 不停地
cease 的用法與stop 一樣
cease doing
cease to do
cease fire ?；?BR> 1. The article is about: 工業(yè)帶來的巨大影響
In the organization of industrial life……在工業(yè)生活的組織方面
the influence of the factory ……h(huán)as been completely neglected 工廠對工人的……影響完全被忽視。
upon 常用于書面語
on 常用于口語
the physiological and mental state of the workers 工人的身心狀態(tài)
in the organization of social life→in social life→society
in family life→family life→in a family
academic 學(xué)術(shù)的
in academic life→at school
2.Modern industry is based on the conception of 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)是建筑在以……的概念的基礎(chǔ)上
concept: very basic, very concrete idea
conception= notion 理念
the maximum production 的規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
at lowest cost 最低的成本
in order that……表目的，以使得
individual 這里指manager, owner, CEO
3.It has expanded it指industry
without any idea= without giving any consideration 沒有考慮
the true nature of the human beings 人的本性
the effects produced on …… the factory
produced 作后置定語
without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants 這是個(gè)歧義句
artificial intelligence 人工智能
4. have been built with 修建起來，完善起來
5.shape 形狀
entirely= completely
income 收入
per square foot of ground 每一平方公尺，名詞短語做狀語，省略by
necessity of 需求
offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb 向某人提供東西
that……后置定語
6.this caused ……引發(fā)
masses 百姓
7.civilized man 文明人
反語:文明人對此還是頗為津津樂道的
8.enjoy 欣賞，享用
banal 平庸，庸俗
the necessities of life: 生活的自然，相互交際
9.moden city 現(xiàn)代都市
consist of 組成
monstrous edifices 奇形怪狀的高樓大廈
dark, marrow streets 狹窄黑暗的街道
full of petrol fumes 充滿了汽油味
coal dust 煤灰
[辨異]toxic, poisonous
toxic adj. 有毒的（含毒）
Smoking is toxic.
poisonous adj. 有毒的（全部含毒）
torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs, lorries and buses 夾雜著出租汽車、大卡車和公共汽車的喧鬧聲
torn tear的過去分詞
I was torn by the choice of going aboard or staying home.
taxi 來自法語，“費(fèi)”的意思
cab: carriage
throng 擁擠
10.it 指城市
for the good of= for one’s benefits= for one’s behalf= for one’s interests= in the interest of sb 為……著想