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新概念英語(yǔ)第2冊(cè)Lesson61重要句型及語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
重要句型或語(yǔ)法
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
本課主要學(xué)習(xí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，同時(shí)對(duì)比將來(lái)完成時(shí)和將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。如：
I will be writing letters all day tomorrow.
Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope.
By Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days.
課文主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20, 1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. 1)The Hubble telescope，哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡。課文里提到的發(fā)射日期有誤，應(yīng)該是1990年4月24日。 2)launch into space，發(fā)射到太空。 3)注意具體日期的介詞要用on。 4)at a cost of，花費(fèi)多少錢或代價(jià)。 5)課文中提到的哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的花費(fèi)不準(zhǔn)確，其實(shí)際造價(jià)和因?yàn)榘l(fā)射日期延誤導(dǎo)致的額外維護(hù)成本共高達(dá)15億美元。
Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. 1)right from the start，從一開(kāi)始。 2)There is trouble with sth.，什么東西有問(wèn)題。
The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! 1)注意it sent us用作pictures的定語(yǔ)從句，it前面省略了關(guān)系代詞that或which。 2)注意使役動(dòng)詞disappoint的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞形容詞化后的區(qū)別，即disappointing表示令人失望的，而disappointed表示感到失望的。 3)main mirror，主鏡片。 4)faulty，有錯(cuò)誤的。源自名詞fault(錯(cuò)誤、缺陷)。
NASA is going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. 1)put...right，矯正、校正。 2)注意句中的send up表示發(fā)射升空。該短語(yǔ)采用了將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，意指NASA派送宇航員去修理哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的鏡片是按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的。此外，NASA當(dāng)時(shí)派送的宇航員機(jī)組成員其實(shí)共有7人，不是4人。
The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. 1)shuttle，航天飛機(jī)。 2)Endeavour，奮進(jìn)號(hào)航天飛機(jī)。該詞的本義是指努力做某事。 3)take sb to，把某人帶到某處。
A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. 1)robot-arm，機(jī)械臂。 2)grab，抓住。 3)hold，緊緊握住、穩(wěn)住。 4)make repairs，修理。
Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. 1)atmosphere，大氣層。該詞由atmo-(空氣)和sphere(球體)組成。 2)distant，遙遠(yuǎn)的。相當(dāng)于faraway。 3)galaxy，銀河系。
The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. 1)a great deal，許多、大量。 2)universe，宇宙。
By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures. 1)by the time+表將來(lái)的從句，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 2)eagle eye，鷹眼。 3)thousands and thousands of，千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)。
新概念英語(yǔ)第2冊(cè)Lesson62重要句型及語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
重要句型或語(yǔ)法
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
本課主要學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，并對(duì)比了過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。如：
He had already finished work before I arrived.
He had been working in a factory for years before he got this job.
課文主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. 1)fireman，消防員。相當(dāng)于firefighter。 2)fight the fire，撲火。 3)可提問(wèn)學(xué)生為什么fight要采用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(因?yàn)閏ould get it under control已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，而fight the fire是在此之前發(fā)生的，而且過(guò)去三周一直在持續(xù)撲火)。 4)get...under control，控制住。
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. 1)a short time before，不久之前。注意before不能換做ago，否則后面的動(dòng)詞cover就要采用一般過(guò)去時(shí)了。 2)for miles around，方圓幾英里。
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. 1)rise up from...從...升起。 2)the warm ground，發(fā)熱的地面。之所以發(fā)熱，是因?yàn)閯倓偨?jīng)歷過(guò)大火。 3)over the desolate hills，注意該短語(yǔ)所指的不是ground，而是指smoke，即煙霧在荒涼的山丘上彌漫。desolate，荒涼的。 4)注意hill(山丘)與mountain(山脈)的區(qū)別。
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding village with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. 1)be coming on，即將來(lái)臨。 2)threaten...with...，以...相威脅。注意threaten源自名詞threat。 3)surrounding，周圍的、周邊的。 4)注意for引導(dǎo)的是表原因的并列句，起著補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。 5)heavy rain，大雨。 6)注意“not only... but...as well”引導(dǎo)的并列句。其中，but前面一般要加逗號(hào);as well可以替換為also，但also要緊跟but。 7)wash away，沖走。 8)soil，土壤。 9)cause，導(dǎo)致。 10)serious flood，嚴(yán)重的洪水。
When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. 1)put out，撲滅。 2)at last，后、終于。該短語(yǔ)用在此處起到一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)好不容易終于把火撲滅了。 3)authority，*。一般都用復(fù)數(shù)。 4)order，訂購(gòu)?？梢杂米髅~。 5)a special type of，一種特殊的...
The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. 1)注意seed用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示種子。 2)spray，噴撒。 3)in large quantities，大量地、大批地。quantity，數(shù)量。注意與quality(質(zhì)量)的區(qū)別。
By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. 1)提問(wèn)學(xué)生句中的then指什么時(shí)候(指的是前一句中的for nearly a month when it began to rain)。 2)take root，生根、扎根。
In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. 1)in place of，代替、取代。 2)for centuries，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)。 3)patches of green，一片片的綠地。patch，小片。 4)appear，出現(xiàn)。其反義詞為disappear(消失)。 5)blackened，燒焦的源自動(dòng)詞blacken(使變黑，使發(fā)暗)。
新概念英語(yǔ)第2冊(cè)Lesson63重要句型及語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
重要句型或語(yǔ)法
間接引語(yǔ)
本課側(cè)重的是：
1)當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí);
2)當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞是insist或suggest等表建議、命令、要求和愿望等時(shí)。
如：
She told them not to make so much noise.
He insisted that I should stay to lunch.
課文主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. 1)has a circle of，有...的圈子。 2)be popular at parties，在聚會(huì)上受歡迎。注意對(duì)比be popular with sb.(受某人歡迎)。
Everybody admires him for his sense of humour - everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. 1)admire sb. for sth.，因?yàn)?..敬仰某人。 2)a sense of humour，幽默感。 3)注意對(duì)比except與except for的區(qū)別：except只能放句末，而except for可以放句首。 4)that is，也就是說(shuō)。在此用作插入語(yǔ)，表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 5)注意復(fù)合形容詞six-year-old中，year只能用單數(shù)形式。
Recently, one of Jeremy's closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. 1)close，親密的。 2)make a speech，做演講。 3)at a reception，在招待會(huì)上。reception源自動(dòng)詞receive。
This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves. 1)the sort of thing...之類的事情。 2)注意當(dāng)thing作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用that。
He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny. prepare，準(zhǔn)備。經(jīng)常與for搭配，表示“為...做準(zhǔn)備”。注意其名詞為preparation。
He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. 1)include，包含、包括。 2)a large number of，大量的。 3)注意it值得是speech。 4)a great success，很成功。
As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home. 1)可提問(wèn)學(xué)生為什么finish用過(guò)去完成時(shí)(因?yàn)榘l(fā)生在told之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)。 2)注意本句話中的told后面的間接引語(yǔ)的直接引語(yǔ)原本是陳述句。
Jeremy was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. 1)disappointed，失望的。 2)注意原句中的this后面好加上逗號(hào)。 3)as引導(dǎo)的是方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“按照”。
On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. 1)on the way home，在回家的路上。 2)注意本句話中的間接引語(yǔ)的原文是一般疑問(wèn)句，所以用了if來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
To his surprise, she said she hadn't. 1)to one's surprise，令某人驚訝的是。 2)注意she hadn't后面省略了enjoyed his speech。
Jeremy asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him! 1)注意句中asked引導(dǎo)的間接引語(yǔ)的直接引語(yǔ)原文應(yīng)該是由why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。 2)注意so指代的是前文中提到的Jenny不喜歡Jeremy做的演講。 3)see sb. doing sth.看見(jiàn)某人一直在做某事。