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【篇一】2021年上半年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精析
Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn't been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesn't interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.
Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn't matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence so long as they are quiet.
There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word.
Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.
1. What is the biggest harm of TV?
[A] It deprives people of communication with the real world.
[B] People become lazy.
[C] People become dependent on second-hand experience.
[D] TV consumes a large part of one's life.
2. In what way can people forget TV?
[A] Far away from civilization.
[B] To a mountain.
[C] By the sea.
[D] In quiet natural surroundings.
3. What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?
[A] Let them watch the set.
[B] Put them in the living room.
[C] Let them watch the rubbish.
[D] Let them alone.
4. What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean?
[A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.
[B] We become addicted to TV.
[C] What we used to do is different from now.
[D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.
Vocabulary
1. goggle 轉(zhuǎn)動眼珠，瞪眼
goggle box (英俚)電視機
2. gulp 狼吞虎咽
3. telly 電視機
4. pacifier 平息者，撫慰者。這里指平靜人，使人不吱聲的東西。
5. rubbishy 垃圾的，無價值的
6. sadism 施*虐
7. glue 膠(水);粘牢
glue to the sets 和電視機粘在一起，指成了電視迷
8. hypnotic 催眠的
難句譯注
1. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world.
【參考譯文】世界上可以獲得的創(chuàng)造性才能的數(shù)量是有限的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇論說“電視有害”的文章。采用對比分析手法。先提出問題，對比過去和現(xiàn)在“過去在業(yè)余時間，我們享受文明的歡樂，有各種嗜好，招待朋友，訪友，外出娛樂，在家讀書聽音樂……現(xiàn)在一切受電視支配。匆忙趕回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完飯為的是準時看某個電視節(jié)目。只要不干擾節(jié)目，吃什么都可以!一塊三明治，一杯啤酒就行?？磿r，誰都不許說話，完全沒有了過去的那種悠閑，坐在一起吃晚飯，相互交談白天的一切?！?BR> 然后列出電視種種惡果：整個幾代人成了電視迷，連孩子也不能幸免，電視消耗了大量的創(chuàng)造性工作，人們成為以來電視生存的人，被動娛樂，制止我們和真實世界交流。
最后結(jié)論：到大自然去，忘掉電視。
答案詳解
1. A 它剝奪了人們和真實世界的聯(lián)系。文章多次提到現(xiàn)在我們不能探親訪友，一家人互不交流，而一旦離開電視就進入了真是世界。B. 人變懶。C. 人們變得依賴二手經(jīng)驗。D. 電視浪費了人生的大量時間。這三項只是危害重具體一個組成部分。
2. D 在安寧的大自然的懷抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安詳寧靜的大自然環(huán)境中，我們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)我們對催眠的電視暴君連想都不怎么想!”A. 遠離文明。B.去山上。C.在海邊。
3. A 叫他們看電視。這在第二段第三句起“電視是一個萬能安靜器。母親為使孩子們安靜，就把他們放在起居室內(nèi)，打開電視看。這是現(xiàn)在最權(quán)威的一招。至于孩子們看的使垃圾般的商業(yè)廣告，還是施*虐或暴力片都無關(guān)緊要，只要他們安靜不鬧?！盉.把他們擱在起居室。C.讓他們看垃圾片。都是其中的具體一部分。D.讓他們呆著。沒有提到。
4. B 我們都成了電視迷。第一句“是的，可是沒有電視之前，我們常干些什么?”這說明人們已經(jīng)習慣于電視，以來電視，到了沒有電視怎么辦的境地。不知道沒有電視前的情況。第二段“整個幾代人越來越迷上了電視，飯不吃，家務(wù)不干，不睡覺?！笨梢哉f整篇文章都描寫了人們對電視迷戀，依賴。第一句話是引言。所以B對。A. 難以消遣。只是人們的一種感受。C.過去和現(xiàn)在不同。是一種對比，并沒有點出這句話的真正內(nèi)涵。D.享受文明歡樂。是過去所作的一個具體例子。
【篇二】2021年上半年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精析
President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China’s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.
In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administration’s goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.
THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, “we’re not there yet,” according to senior officials.
Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for China’s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.
The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on “cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.
BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what they’ve heard so far isn’t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that “the time just isn’t right” for the deal. Translation: We’re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to America’s enemies. Beijing’s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, won’t help, either.
Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together won’t be easy.
And Republicans—with a wink—say that they’ll eventually embrace China’s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A]. The Contradiction between the DemocraticParty and the Republican Party.
[B]. On China’s entry into WTO.
[C]. Clinton was right.
[D]. Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill.
2. What does the sentence “Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit” convey?
[A]. Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.
[B]. The three places overdid criticism.
[C]. They wanted more protection.
[D]. They are in trouble.
3. What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward China’s entry into the WTO?
[A]. Contradictory. [B].Appreciative.
[C]. Disapproving. [D]. Detestful.
4. Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?
[A]. White House . [B]. Republicans.
[C]. The Democratic Party. [D]. Businessmen.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that
[A]. America will make concessions.
[B]. America will hold out for a better WTO
[C]. Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for China’s entry.
[D]. Democratic party approve China’s entry into the WTO.
詞匯解釋：
1. drubbing 痛打
get/take a drabbing 遭人痛打
2. flip-flop=great change suddenly 游說，突然改變，突然反方向。人字拖鞋，趾拖鞋
3. hold out 維持，保持
hold out for sth. 故意拖延達成協(xié)議以謀求……
4. horse –trading 精明的討價還價
5. bullet-proof 防彈的
6. lobby 收買，暗中活動
7. lobbyist 院外活動集團成員
8. partisan 黨人，幫派，是黨派強硬支持者
9. acrimony 語言/態(tài)度的刻薄
10. sell to 說服(某人)接受或采用
11. meddle 干預(yù)
12. Capitol Hill 美國國會
13. budge 使稍微移動，改變
14. lucrative 有利可圖的，賺錢的
15. block 制止
16. fleet 艦隊，船隊，車隊，機隊
17. blanket 覆蓋，妨礙掃興，撲滅
18. Capitulate 投降，停止抵抗
19. fast track 快速行程(輕車熟路)
20. with a wink 眼睛一眨，很快的
21. out on a limb 孤立無援(尤指爭論和意見上)
22. renege 違約
23. squabble 爭吵
難句解析：
1. President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to sendChinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without anagreement…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] send one packing 打發(fā)人走。
[參考譯文] 克林頓于4月8日決定不達成中國加入世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)議便打發(fā)中國總理朱 容基走人。
2. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported thata deal was in the bag.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] in the bag 倒手，囊中之物。
[參考譯文] 總統(tǒng)遭到許多報界輿論的抨擊，它們曾報道過這樁買賣(入世貿(mào))已是囊中之物。
3. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord.
[參考譯文] 朱指責克林頓缺乏達成協(xié)議的勇氣。
4. the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flo
[參考譯文] 普遍認為總統(tǒng)的姿態(tài)來了一個一百八十度的轉(zhuǎn)彎。
5. Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal.
[參考譯文] 總統(tǒng)故意拖延協(xié)議以謀取一筆更好的入世貿(mào)組織交易的決定完全正確。
6. And without the Administration’s goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyistscan enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisanacrimony that could harm relations with China for years.
[參考譯文] 沒有商界院外活動集團成員熱情的勸說共和黨國會采納政府目標中的防彈性(保護性)協(xié)議，那么整個過程將會以黨派之間的尖刻的爭吵而結(jié)束，這會影響以后多年和中國的關(guān)系。
7. the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles.
[參考譯文] 美國政府希望(為紡織業(yè))鋪平道路，試圖使朱在紡織品上讓步，結(jié)果失敗。
8. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 這句句子連接上文而說。
Leave sb. In the lurch 固定用法，義：置某人于困難之中棄之不顧，遺棄某人。完整句型應(yīng)該是：WallStreet, Hollywood and Detrait are also left in the lurch.
[參考譯文] 同樣也陷于困境的有華爾街，好萊塢和底特律。
9. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on“cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. automakers to provide fleet financing.
[參考譯文] 朱 容基總理不允許開放金融股票市場，堅持對美國電影和音樂作文化方面的限制規(guī)定，不讓美國汽車商染指投資汽車。
10. Translation. 翻譯。這是作者為共和黨的“The time isn’t right”做注解/解釋。
答案詳解：
1. C. 總統(tǒng)是對的。這篇文章摘自Business Weekly. 文章是從商人的角度來看待中國加入WTO，他們希望從談判中獲得更多的利益，而克林頓的同意不同意的目的和他們相符——爭取更多利益。這篇就是從四方利益最終趨向一致“同意中國加入世貿(mào)”來證明“總統(tǒng)結(jié)論正確”的中心思想。
第一段指出Clinton由打發(fā)朱總理回國，不同意中國入世到一百八十度大轉(zhuǎn)彎，在電話中憤怒的朱總理表示再次努力協(xié)商。內(nèi)閣和白宮官員意見分歧，商人對失去機會火冒三丈。
第二段點出克林頓故意拖延以謀取更多的利益的決定是正確的——文章的主旨句。商人院外活動集團成員要以“政府完美無缺的協(xié)議的目標來說服共和黨贊成/接受。以免整個過程以黨爭而告終。
第三，四段是商業(yè)方面的高級官員的代表紛紛卻說Clinton“當中國作出許多優(yōu)惠讓步時，美國不在那里。”(意：美國吃虧了現(xiàn)在不要再吃虧了。)克林頓有權(quán)簽署贊成中國加入世貿(mào)組織，可他需要國會批準北京永久性最惠國作為擴大貿(mào)易協(xié)定的組成部分。再說對國會的干預(yù)的誘 惑力相當大：就在朱踏上美國本土時，參議院多數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖Trent Lott宣布他對中國是該不該入世持懷疑態(tài)度，而參議院Tesse A Helms… 承諾提出一項要求國會批準任何交易的提案。
第五段講了朱總理的強硬立場。第六段又是共和黨的反對聲，使民主黨內(nèi)站在北京以便的批評家也無能為力。
最后一段指出：盡管困難重重，這一歷史事件太重要了，不能因黨爭而冒失失去機會的危險。
A. 民主黨和共和黨的矛盾。兩黨之爭見上文譯注，最終還是一致。 B. 論中國加入世貿(mào)組織。文章不是論中國加入而是論美國環(huán)繞中國入世貿(mào)的種種。 D. 商人院外活動集團成員控制國會。這在第五段中提到商人院外活動集團成員阻撓美國國會事先接受最終協(xié)議，但不是主題思想。
2. A. 朱總理拒絕了他們的要求。見難句譯注9。B. 這三個地方批評過頭。 C. 他們要求更多的保護。 D. 他們陷入困境。
3. A. 矛盾。共和黨一開始就反對。什么對中國該不該加入世貿(mào)組織持懷疑態(tài)度。第六段說得更露骨，時間不對。意思是他們想把整個事件看起來好象克林頓屈從于中國，忽視了“中國違反人權(quán)，宗教權(quán)，勞動權(quán)，偷竊核武器技術(shù)，把導(dǎo)彈組成部件買給美國的敵人”等事實。最后一段共和黨一下子又所他們最終將會接受中國加入世貿(mào)組織以表示對整體美國的好感。不管是商人院外活動集團的作用，還是明確指出重開談判的重要性。這一歷史事件太重要絕不能因黨爭而失去機會。共和黨縱然心中不愿，也不得不接受現(xiàn)實。心情是矛盾的。B. 贊賞。C. 不贊成。 D. 厭惡。
4. D. 商界。第一段中就點出：商界領(lǐng)袖對失去這次機會火冒三丈。第二段中提到商界院外活動成員要以實實在在的協(xié)議來說服共和黨國會，免得以黨爭告終。第三段明確指出：許多商界院外人士一方面對協(xié)議未簽定表示失望，另方面又同意，還會更好的條件。各種和商界直接關(guān)系的高級官員對克林頓勸說。
第五段：紡織，金融股票，汽車以至電影等都是商界的要求。朱總理拒絕的就是商界要求。
第六段提及商界院外活動的成員制止國會事先接受最終協(xié)定。
最后一段又是商界使共和黨聯(lián)盟和白宮懂得此事的重要性。
5. A. 美國將會作出讓步，見上面注釋。商人是絕對不會放棄中國市場的。
B. 美國會故意拖延以求取得更好的條件。這一點恐怕不會，見上文注釋。朱總理的強硬立場，商人的見解。C. 克林頓有簽署批準中國入世之權(quán)。 D. 民主黨贊成中國加入世貿(mào)，這兩項都是事實。
【篇三】2021年上半年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精析
President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President's party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.
1. The focus of the President's program is on
[A] investment.
[B] economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.
2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C] They want to rebuild industry.
[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3. What is the editor's attitude?
[A] support.
[B] distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.
4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties' objection.
[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.
5. The passage is
[A] a review.
[B] a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.
Vocabulary
1. reverse 逆轉(zhuǎn)
2. slide 滑坡
3. plague 瘟疫;折磨，困擾
4. tariff 關(guān)稅
5. decry 譴責，詆毀
6. lever 杠桿;用杠桿撬動
7. crux 癥結(jié)
8. ideologue 空想家，思想家
9. intact 原封不動的，完整無損的
10. investment credit 投資信貸
11. research grant 研究基金
難句譯注
1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【參考譯文】這對扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟滑坡;滑到失業(yè)高，增長少和已經(jīng)困擾經(jīng)濟達6年之久貿(mào)易赤字來說是必要的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一則有關(guān)總統(tǒng)向國會提交的經(jīng)濟計劃評論。作者采用對比手法來突出其計劃之正確性，第一段就講了計劃的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經(jīng)濟滑坡，提高美國工業(yè)競爭力。
第二、三兩段敘述了計劃遭兩方面的反對，總統(tǒng)黨內(nèi)的右翼要求更強硬，更直接的行動，而共和黨對即使逐漸稍稍提高一點稅收都予以譴責。
第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經(jīng)濟問題的獨特性質(zhì)。它不是市場或財政問題。掌握新技術(shù)的人大量增產(chǎn)，而不能采用新技術(shù)的人面臨在世界經(jīng)濟中成為二等公民的危險。工業(yè)不能達到先進水平，就不能有效地競爭，那么任何保護主義或進入外國市場都不能長期奏效。沒有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的經(jīng)驗和利潤的再投資，工業(yè)經(jīng)濟只能依然落后于外國競爭對手。
最后一段點出總統(tǒng)計劃的要點就是工藝技術(shù)。作者提出：要求全面通過這一重新建設(shè)計劃。如果我們不能重建經(jīng)濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。
答案詳解
1. C 工藝技術(shù)。最后一段第一句“問題的癥結(jié)就在于工藝技術(shù)，這就是總統(tǒng)計劃的要點所在?！钡谒亩危骸皩φ莆招录夹g(shù)的人來說，新技術(shù)使他們大大增產(chǎn)，而新技術(shù)對不能掌握它的人來說，在世界經(jīng)濟中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點，那么任何政府保護主義，進入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的利潤和經(jīng)驗再投資，工業(yè)只能進一步落后于國外競爭對手。”這些都說明總統(tǒng)計劃的重點再工藝技術(shù)。A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統(tǒng)計劃的涉及面。B.經(jīng)濟。太籠統(tǒng)了。
2. A 更直接行動。第二段“總統(tǒng)的黨內(nèi)幾段自由翼要求更強硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入(稅收)政策來制止通貨膨脹;聯(lián)邦財政在關(guān)稅保護下，幫助重建工業(yè)?！盉.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業(yè)。D.保護關(guān)稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內(nèi)容，不完整。
3. A支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點，支持的理由和論點。B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調(diào)和妥協(xié)。
4. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險不在于計劃將不被通過，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來歪曲提案，使計劃要點蒙塵模糊不清，經(jīng)濟重建計劃應(yīng)原封不動地通過?！边@是作者的態(tài)度，也是他所擔心之處。A.兩黨的反對。B.兩黨對計劃的不同看法。C.它的通過。
5. D 社論。A.評論。社論也是評論的一種，但它是報紙主編所撰，常常是有關(guān)國內(nèi)外大事評論。B.前言。C.廣告。
【篇一】2021年上半年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精析
Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this! Television hasn't been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesn't interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.
Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesn't matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence so long as they are quiet.
There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word.
Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.
1. What is the biggest harm of TV?
[A] It deprives people of communication with the real world.
[B] People become lazy.
[C] People become dependent on second-hand experience.
[D] TV consumes a large part of one's life.
2. In what way can people forget TV?
[A] Far away from civilization.
[B] To a mountain.
[C] By the sea.
[D] In quiet natural surroundings.
3. What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?
[A] Let them watch the set.
[B] Put them in the living room.
[C] Let them watch the rubbish.
[D] Let them alone.
4. What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean?
[A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.
[B] We become addicted to TV.
[C] What we used to do is different from now.
[D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.
Vocabulary
1. goggle 轉(zhuǎn)動眼珠，瞪眼
goggle box (英俚)電視機
2. gulp 狼吞虎咽
3. telly 電視機
4. pacifier 平息者，撫慰者。這里指平靜人，使人不吱聲的東西。
5. rubbishy 垃圾的，無價值的
6. sadism 施*虐
7. glue 膠(水);粘牢
glue to the sets 和電視機粘在一起，指成了電視迷
8. hypnotic 催眠的
難句譯注
1. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world.
【參考譯文】世界上可以獲得的創(chuàng)造性才能的數(shù)量是有限的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇論說“電視有害”的文章。采用對比分析手法。先提出問題，對比過去和現(xiàn)在“過去在業(yè)余時間，我們享受文明的歡樂，有各種嗜好，招待朋友，訪友，外出娛樂，在家讀書聽音樂……現(xiàn)在一切受電視支配。匆忙趕回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完飯為的是準時看某個電視節(jié)目。只要不干擾節(jié)目，吃什么都可以!一塊三明治，一杯啤酒就行?？磿r，誰都不許說話，完全沒有了過去的那種悠閑，坐在一起吃晚飯，相互交談白天的一切?！?BR> 然后列出電視種種惡果：整個幾代人成了電視迷，連孩子也不能幸免，電視消耗了大量的創(chuàng)造性工作，人們成為以來電視生存的人，被動娛樂，制止我們和真實世界交流。
最后結(jié)論：到大自然去，忘掉電視。
答案詳解
1. A 它剝奪了人們和真實世界的聯(lián)系。文章多次提到現(xiàn)在我們不能探親訪友，一家人互不交流，而一旦離開電視就進入了真是世界。B. 人變懶。C. 人們變得依賴二手經(jīng)驗。D. 電視浪費了人生的大量時間。這三項只是危害重具體一個組成部分。
2. D 在安寧的大自然的懷抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安詳寧靜的大自然環(huán)境中，我們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)我們對催眠的電視暴君連想都不怎么想!”A. 遠離文明。B.去山上。C.在海邊。
3. A 叫他們看電視。這在第二段第三句起“電視是一個萬能安靜器。母親為使孩子們安靜，就把他們放在起居室內(nèi)，打開電視看。這是現(xiàn)在最權(quán)威的一招。至于孩子們看的使垃圾般的商業(yè)廣告，還是施*虐或暴力片都無關(guān)緊要，只要他們安靜不鬧?！盉.把他們擱在起居室。C.讓他們看垃圾片。都是其中的具體一部分。D.讓他們呆著。沒有提到。
4. B 我們都成了電視迷。第一句“是的，可是沒有電視之前，我們常干些什么?”這說明人們已經(jīng)習慣于電視，以來電視，到了沒有電視怎么辦的境地。不知道沒有電視前的情況。第二段“整個幾代人越來越迷上了電視，飯不吃，家務(wù)不干，不睡覺?！笨梢哉f整篇文章都描寫了人們對電視迷戀，依賴。第一句話是引言。所以B對。A. 難以消遣。只是人們的一種感受。C.過去和現(xiàn)在不同。是一種對比，并沒有點出這句話的真正內(nèi)涵。D.享受文明歡樂。是過去所作的一個具體例子。
【篇二】2021年上半年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精析
President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China’s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.
In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administration’s goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.
THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, “we’re not there yet,” according to senior officials.
Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for China’s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.
The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on “cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.
BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what they’ve heard so far isn’t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that “the time just isn’t right” for the deal. Translation: We’re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to America’s enemies. Beijing’s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, won’t help, either.
Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together won’t be easy.
And Republicans—with a wink—say that they’ll eventually embrace China’s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A]. The Contradiction between the DemocraticParty and the Republican Party.
[B]. On China’s entry into WTO.
[C]. Clinton was right.
[D]. Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill.
2. What does the sentence “Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit” convey?
[A]. Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.
[B]. The three places overdid criticism.
[C]. They wanted more protection.
[D]. They are in trouble.
3. What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward China’s entry into the WTO?
[A]. Contradictory. [B].Appreciative.
[C]. Disapproving. [D]. Detestful.
4. Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?
[A]. White House . [B]. Republicans.
[C]. The Democratic Party. [D]. Businessmen.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that
[A]. America will make concessions.
[B]. America will hold out for a better WTO
[C]. Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for China’s entry.
[D]. Democratic party approve China’s entry into the WTO.
詞匯解釋：
1. drubbing 痛打
get/take a drabbing 遭人痛打
2. flip-flop=great change suddenly 游說，突然改變，突然反方向。人字拖鞋，趾拖鞋
3. hold out 維持，保持
hold out for sth. 故意拖延達成協(xié)議以謀求……
4. horse –trading 精明的討價還價
5. bullet-proof 防彈的
6. lobby 收買，暗中活動
7. lobbyist 院外活動集團成員
8. partisan 黨人，幫派，是黨派強硬支持者
9. acrimony 語言/態(tài)度的刻薄
10. sell to 說服(某人)接受或采用
11. meddle 干預(yù)
12. Capitol Hill 美國國會
13. budge 使稍微移動，改變
14. lucrative 有利可圖的，賺錢的
15. block 制止
16. fleet 艦隊，船隊，車隊，機隊
17. blanket 覆蓋，妨礙掃興，撲滅
18. Capitulate 投降，停止抵抗
19. fast track 快速行程(輕車熟路)
20. with a wink 眼睛一眨，很快的
21. out on a limb 孤立無援(尤指爭論和意見上)
22. renege 違約
23. squabble 爭吵
難句解析：
1. President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to sendChinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without anagreement…
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析] send one packing 打發(fā)人走。
[參考譯文] 克林頓于4月8日決定不達成中國加入世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)議便打發(fā)中國總理朱 容基走人。
2. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported thata deal was in the bag.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] in the bag 倒手，囊中之物。
[參考譯文] 總統(tǒng)遭到許多報界輿論的抨擊，它們曾報道過這樁買賣(入世貿(mào))已是囊中之物。
3. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked “the courage” to reach an accord.
[參考譯文] 朱指責克林頓缺乏達成協(xié)議的勇氣。
4. the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flo
[參考譯文] 普遍認為總統(tǒng)的姿態(tài)來了一個一百八十度的轉(zhuǎn)彎。
5. Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal.
[參考譯文] 總統(tǒng)故意拖延協(xié)議以謀取一筆更好的入世貿(mào)組織交易的決定完全正確。
6. And without the Administration’s goal of a “bullet-proof agreement” that business lobbyistscan enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisanacrimony that could harm relations with China for years.
[參考譯文] 沒有商界院外活動集團成員熱情的勸說共和黨國會采納政府目標中的防彈性(保護性)協(xié)議，那么整個過程將會以黨派之間的尖刻的爭吵而結(jié)束，這會影響以后多年和中國的關(guān)系。
7. the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles.
[參考譯文] 美國政府希望(為紡織業(yè))鋪平道路，試圖使朱在紡織品上讓步，結(jié)果失敗。
8. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡析] 這句句子連接上文而說。
Leave sb. In the lurch 固定用法，義：置某人于困難之中棄之不顧，遺棄某人。完整句型應(yīng)該是：WallStreet, Hollywood and Detrait are also left in the lurch.
[參考譯文] 同樣也陷于困境的有華爾街，好萊塢和底特律。
9. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on“cultural” restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. automakers to provide fleet financing.
[參考譯文] 朱 容基總理不允許開放金融股票市場，堅持對美國電影和音樂作文化方面的限制規(guī)定，不讓美國汽車商染指投資汽車。
10. Translation. 翻譯。這是作者為共和黨的“The time isn’t right”做注解/解釋。
答案詳解：
1. C. 總統(tǒng)是對的。這篇文章摘自Business Weekly. 文章是從商人的角度來看待中國加入WTO，他們希望從談判中獲得更多的利益，而克林頓的同意不同意的目的和他們相符——爭取更多利益。這篇就是從四方利益最終趨向一致“同意中國加入世貿(mào)”來證明“總統(tǒng)結(jié)論正確”的中心思想。
第一段指出Clinton由打發(fā)朱總理回國，不同意中國入世到一百八十度大轉(zhuǎn)彎，在電話中憤怒的朱總理表示再次努力協(xié)商。內(nèi)閣和白宮官員意見分歧，商人對失去機會火冒三丈。
第二段點出克林頓故意拖延以謀取更多的利益的決定是正確的——文章的主旨句。商人院外活動集團成員要以“政府完美無缺的協(xié)議的目標來說服共和黨贊成/接受。以免整個過程以黨爭而告終。
第三，四段是商業(yè)方面的高級官員的代表紛紛卻說Clinton“當中國作出許多優(yōu)惠讓步時，美國不在那里。”(意：美國吃虧了現(xiàn)在不要再吃虧了。)克林頓有權(quán)簽署贊成中國加入世貿(mào)組織，可他需要國會批準北京永久性最惠國作為擴大貿(mào)易協(xié)定的組成部分。再說對國會的干預(yù)的誘 惑力相當大：就在朱踏上美國本土時，參議院多數(shù)派領(lǐng)袖Trent Lott宣布他對中國是該不該入世持懷疑態(tài)度，而參議院Tesse A Helms… 承諾提出一項要求國會批準任何交易的提案。
第五段講了朱總理的強硬立場。第六段又是共和黨的反對聲，使民主黨內(nèi)站在北京以便的批評家也無能為力。
最后一段指出：盡管困難重重，這一歷史事件太重要了，不能因黨爭而冒失失去機會的危險。
A. 民主黨和共和黨的矛盾。兩黨之爭見上文譯注，最終還是一致。 B. 論中國加入世貿(mào)組織。文章不是論中國加入而是論美國環(huán)繞中國入世貿(mào)的種種。 D. 商人院外活動集團成員控制國會。這在第五段中提到商人院外活動集團成員阻撓美國國會事先接受最終協(xié)議，但不是主題思想。
2. A. 朱總理拒絕了他們的要求。見難句譯注9。B. 這三個地方批評過頭。 C. 他們要求更多的保護。 D. 他們陷入困境。
3. A. 矛盾。共和黨一開始就反對。什么對中國該不該加入世貿(mào)組織持懷疑態(tài)度。第六段說得更露骨，時間不對。意思是他們想把整個事件看起來好象克林頓屈從于中國，忽視了“中國違反人權(quán)，宗教權(quán)，勞動權(quán)，偷竊核武器技術(shù)，把導(dǎo)彈組成部件買給美國的敵人”等事實。最后一段共和黨一下子又所他們最終將會接受中國加入世貿(mào)組織以表示對整體美國的好感。不管是商人院外活動集團的作用，還是明確指出重開談判的重要性。這一歷史事件太重要絕不能因黨爭而失去機會。共和黨縱然心中不愿，也不得不接受現(xiàn)實。心情是矛盾的。B. 贊賞。C. 不贊成。 D. 厭惡。
4. D. 商界。第一段中就點出：商界領(lǐng)袖對失去這次機會火冒三丈。第二段中提到商界院外活動成員要以實實在在的協(xié)議來說服共和黨國會，免得以黨爭告終。第三段明確指出：許多商界院外人士一方面對協(xié)議未簽定表示失望，另方面又同意，還會更好的條件。各種和商界直接關(guān)系的高級官員對克林頓勸說。
第五段：紡織，金融股票，汽車以至電影等都是商界的要求。朱總理拒絕的就是商界要求。
第六段提及商界院外活動的成員制止國會事先接受最終協(xié)定。
最后一段又是商界使共和黨聯(lián)盟和白宮懂得此事的重要性。
5. A. 美國將會作出讓步，見上面注釋。商人是絕對不會放棄中國市場的。
B. 美國會故意拖延以求取得更好的條件。這一點恐怕不會，見上文注釋。朱總理的強硬立場，商人的見解。C. 克林頓有簽署批準中國入世之權(quán)。 D. 民主黨贊成中國加入世貿(mào)，這兩項都是事實。
【篇三】2021年上半年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解精析
President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President's party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.
1. The focus of the President's program is on
[A] investment.
[B] economy.
[C] technology.
[D] tax.
2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A] They want a more direct action.
[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C] They want to rebuild industry.
[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3. What is the editor's attitude?
[A] support.
[B] distaste.
[C] Disapproval.
[D] Compromise.
4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A] the two parties' objection.
[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C] its passage.
[D] distortion.
5. The passage is
[A] a review.
[B] a preface.
[C] a advertisement.
[D] an editorial.
Vocabulary
1. reverse 逆轉(zhuǎn)
2. slide 滑坡
3. plague 瘟疫;折磨，困擾
4. tariff 關(guān)稅
5. decry 譴責，詆毀
6. lever 杠桿;用杠桿撬動
7. crux 癥結(jié)
8. ideologue 空想家，思想家
9. intact 原封不動的，完整無損的
10. investment credit 投資信貸
11. research grant 研究基金
難句譯注
1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
【參考譯文】這對扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟滑坡;滑到失業(yè)高，增長少和已經(jīng)困擾經(jīng)濟達6年之久貿(mào)易赤字來說是必要的。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一則有關(guān)總統(tǒng)向國會提交的經(jīng)濟計劃評論。作者采用對比手法來突出其計劃之正確性，第一段就講了計劃的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經(jīng)濟滑坡，提高美國工業(yè)競爭力。
第二、三兩段敘述了計劃遭兩方面的反對，總統(tǒng)黨內(nèi)的右翼要求更強硬，更直接的行動，而共和黨對即使逐漸稍稍提高一點稅收都予以譴責。
第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經(jīng)濟問題的獨特性質(zhì)。它不是市場或財政問題。掌握新技術(shù)的人大量增產(chǎn)，而不能采用新技術(shù)的人面臨在世界經(jīng)濟中成為二等公民的危險。工業(yè)不能達到先進水平，就不能有效地競爭，那么任何保護主義或進入外國市場都不能長期奏效。沒有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的經(jīng)驗和利潤的再投資，工業(yè)經(jīng)濟只能依然落后于外國競爭對手。
最后一段點出總統(tǒng)計劃的要點就是工藝技術(shù)。作者提出：要求全面通過這一重新建設(shè)計劃。如果我們不能重建經(jīng)濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。
答案詳解
1. C 工藝技術(shù)。最后一段第一句“問題的癥結(jié)就在于工藝技術(shù)，這就是總統(tǒng)計劃的要點所在?！钡谒亩危骸皩φ莆招录夹g(shù)的人來說，新技術(shù)使他們大大增產(chǎn)，而新技術(shù)對不能掌握它的人來說，在世界經(jīng)濟中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點，那么任何政府保護主義，進入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的利潤和經(jīng)驗再投資，工業(yè)只能進一步落后于國外競爭對手。”這些都說明總統(tǒng)計劃的重點再工藝技術(shù)。A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統(tǒng)計劃的涉及面。B.經(jīng)濟。太籠統(tǒng)了。
2. A 更直接行動。第二段“總統(tǒng)的黨內(nèi)幾段自由翼要求更強硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入(稅收)政策來制止通貨膨脹;聯(lián)邦財政在關(guān)稅保護下，幫助重建工業(yè)?！盉.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業(yè)。D.保護關(guān)稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內(nèi)容，不完整。
3. A支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點，支持的理由和論點。B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調(diào)和妥協(xié)。
4. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險不在于計劃將不被通過，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來歪曲提案，使計劃要點蒙塵模糊不清，經(jīng)濟重建計劃應(yīng)原封不動地通過?！边@是作者的態(tài)度，也是他所擔心之處。A.兩黨的反對。B.兩黨對計劃的不同看法。C.它的通過。
5. D 社論。A.評論。社論也是評論的一種，但它是報紙主編所撰，常常是有關(guān)國內(nèi)外大事評論。B.前言。C.廣告。