疑問代詞概說

字號:


    "疑問代詞有who(誰,主格),whom(誰,賓格),whose(誰的,所有格),what(什么)which(哪個,哪些)等。
    疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中
    疑問代詞一般都放在句首,并在句中作為某一句子成分。如:
    Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天誰來跟我們講話?(who作主語)
    Who told you so?是誰告訴你的?(who作主語)
    Whom are you talking about ?你們在說誰?(whom作賓語,但在句首時口語常用who代替whom)
    Whose umbrella is this ?這是誰的傘?(whose作定語)
    What is that? 那是什么?(what作表語)
    What did he say?他說什么?(what作賓語)
    Which is yours,the blue pen or the redone?藍筆和紅筆哪一支是你的?(which作主語)
    [注一]關(guān)于疑問代詞的各種用法,可參看77.70-77.72。
    [注二]疑問代詞who,what,which等后面加單詞ever,可強調(diào)語氣,表達說話人的各種感情。如:
    What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
    Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?
    [注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇,what則沒有這種限制。如:
    What do you usually have for lunch?你們午飯通常吃些什么?
    Which do you like best?你最喜歡哪一個?
    Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你們同志們中間誰是東北人?
    疑問代詞可以引導一個間接疑問句
    間接疑問句在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語等。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔任一定的句子成分。如:
    Who will be in charge of the work is still not decided.誰將負責這項工作,現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。(疑問代詞who引導一個主語從句,它本身又在從句中用作主語。)
    Do you know what his name is?你知道他叫什么名字嗎?(疑問代詞what引導一個賓語從句,而它本身又在從句中用作表語。)
    [注一] what所引導的名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句) 有時不是間接疑問句。如:
    What he says is quite true.他所講的話很對。(what相當于that which。它引導一個主語從句,這個從句不是間接疑問句。)
    Children do what the nurse tells them to do.保育員讓孩子干什么他們就做什么。(what引導一個賓語從句,這個從句也不是間接疑問句。)
    [注二] whateverwhoever,whichever等詞可引導名詞性從句。這些名詞性從句也不是間接疑問句。whatever,whoever,whichever也可引導表示讓步的狀語從句。見15.6515.72)如:
    They eat whatever they can find.他們找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引導一個賓語從句,并在從句中作賓語。)
    I've got plenty of books 1eft.Whoever wants an extra copy can get one from me.我還剩下許多書,誰還想再要一本可來拿。(whoever引導一個主語從句,并在從句中作主語。)