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2019年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：天才
①The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded. ②As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.
To find this out, l, 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results:
①On adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they had as children. ②They were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. ③84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives.
①About 70 per cent had graduated from college, though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors. ②A few had even dropped out, but nearly half of these had returned to graduate. ③Of the men, 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs. ④The women who had remained single had office, business, or professional occupations.
The group had published 90 books and 1,500 articles in scientific, scholarly, and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents.
①I(mǎi)n a material way they did not do badly either. ②Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.
In fact, far from being strange, most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality.
一、詞匯
1.subjected to容易遭受 2.unfounded a. 無(wú)理由的
3.follow up跟蹤,監(jiān)督 4.drop out退學(xué)
5.patent n. 專(zhuān)利權(quán),專(zhuān)利品 6.comparative a. 比較的,相當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 7.promise n. 獲得成功的跡象
二、長(zhǎng)難句
1. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness is unfounded.
該句的主干為T(mén)he old idea that …is unfounded，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)名詞The old idea的同位語(yǔ)。該從句的主干為talented children “burn themselves out” … and are subjected to failure and … mental illness。
翻譯：聰明的孩子年少時(shí)就“江郎才盡”從而變得一事無(wú)成甚至患有精神疾病，這種舊有的說(shuō)法是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。
2. As a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults.
該句的主干為the outstanding thing that … is that …。第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主語(yǔ)名詞the outstanding thing，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
翻譯：事實(shí)上，聰明的孩子的杰出之處在于他們很可能在成年后還是很聰明的。
3. Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people, especially the men, than for the country as a whole, despite their comparative youth.
該句主干為Average income was considerably higher … than (that) for the country as a whole，短語(yǔ)among the gifted people, especially the men和 for the country as a whole是相比較的范圍。介詞短語(yǔ)despite …做讓步狀語(yǔ)。
翻譯：這群天資稟賦之人，尤其是其中的男人，雖然比較年輕，但與全國(guó)其他人相比，他們的平均收入?yún)s高得多。
三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析
本文是一篇先駁后立的文章，批駁了天才兒童在年少時(shí)就“江郎才盡”的說(shuō)法，指出聰明的孩子在成年后仍然是很有才華的。
第一段：開(kāi)篇駁斥有關(guān)天才兒童早期才盡的舊有說(shuō)法，并提出新的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，即聰明的孩子成年后仍然很聰明。
第二至六段：用實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了表明了絕大多數(shù)的天兒童成年后仍取得了很大的成就，從而證明了作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)的正確性。
第七段：總結(jié)全文，重申文章主旨：大多數(shù)天才兒童都能將其年少時(shí)的夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。
四、試題具體分析
18. The old idea that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years is ________.18. 聰明的孩子年少時(shí)就“江郎才盡“這種舊有的說(shuō)法______。
[A] true in all senses[A] 在任何意義上來(lái)說(shuō)都是正確的
[B] refuted by the author[B] 被作者駁斥了
[C] medically proven[C] 是有醫(yī)學(xué)根據(jù)的
[D] a belief of the author[D] 是作者的一種信仰
[分析]本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文章主旨。
作者開(kāi)篇表明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：聰明的孩子年少時(shí)就“江郎才盡”從而變得一事無(wú)成甚至變得精神失常，這種舊有的說(shuō)法是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。并在下文通過(guò)對(duì)1500名天才的檢測(cè)調(diào)查證明了該觀(guān)點(diǎn)的正確性。unfounded即表明作者是否定這種說(shuō)法的，故[B]選項(xiàng)正確。
[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。[C]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，文章開(kāi)篇即指出聰明的孩子年少時(shí)就“江郎才盡”的說(shuō)法是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。[D]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，根據(jù)上面的分析可知作者是批駁這種說(shuō)法的，因此其不可能是作者的信仰，故排除。
19. The survey of bright children was made to ________.19. 對(duì)聰明的孩子進(jìn)行調(diào)查是為了________.
[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults[A] 查明這些有天賦的孩子成年后的狀況如何
[B] prove that talented children “burn themselves out” in the early years[B] 證明聰明的孩子年少時(shí)就會(huì)“江郎才盡”
[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted[C] 得到這些天才兒童中患精神疾病的人的比例
[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out[D] 證明天才兒童永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)“江郎才盡”
[分析]本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：寫(xiě)作目的。
文章第二至五段詳述了對(duì)1500名天才兒童進(jìn)行跟蹤檢測(cè)，得到他們成年后在生活、學(xué)習(xí)、工作、成就和薪酬等方面的具體情況，從而證明聰明的孩子很可能在成年后還是很聰明的?？芍{(diào)查的直接目的就是為了查明天才兒童成年之后的狀況如何，故[A]選項(xiàng)正確。
[B]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。作者在第一段就駁斥了這種說(shuō)法，引用實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了證明這種說(shuō)法的錯(cuò)誤性。[C]選項(xiàng)是根據(jù)原文詞匯gifted, mental illness , percentage編造的干擾項(xiàng)，且文章第三段②句(They were,… in good health, physically and mentally.)也否定了這一說(shuō)法。[D]選項(xiàng)過(guò)于絕對(duì)且無(wú)法推知。實(shí)驗(yàn)并沒(méi)有指出所有的天才兒童長(zhǎng)大之后都會(huì)很有才華，另外對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的跟蹤測(cè)試一直進(jìn)行到他們35歲為止，因此對(duì)于天資稟賦之人35歲后的情況無(wú)法推知。
20. Intelligence tests showed that ________.20. 智力測(cè)試表明_______。
[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy[A] 聰明的孩子是不可能精神正常的
[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence[B] 從孩提到成年智力喪失很?chē)?yán)重的
[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults[C] 天才兒童成年后最可能成為有才華的人
[D] when talented children grew into adults, they made low scores[D] 當(dāng)天才兒童成年后很難取得成就
[分析]本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)。
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段。該段①句指出，在成人智力測(cè)試上，孩提時(shí)智商很高的人在成年后同樣會(huì)取得很高的分?jǐn)?shù)。緊接著在下文指出這些孩子成年后在生活，學(xué)習(xí)，工作以及所取得的成就等方面也是十分突出的。由此可知，智力測(cè)試表明了天才兒童成年后也最可能成為有才華的人，[C]選項(xiàng)正確。
[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。智力測(cè)試無(wú)法對(duì)精神狀態(tài)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，且第三段②句指出了這些孩子成年后身心狀況都是良好的。文章主要論述了天才兒童在成年之后仍然是很有才華的，因此他們從孩提到成年智力并沒(méi)有喪失而且他們也是很有成就的，故可排除[B]、[D]選項(xiàng)。
五、全文翻譯
聰明的孩子年少時(shí)就“江郎才盡”從而變得一事無(wú)成甚至患有精神疾病，這種舊有的說(shuō)法是沒(méi)有根據(jù)的。事實(shí)上，聰明的孩子的杰出之處在于他們很可能在成年后還是很聰明的。
為了驗(yàn)證這一結(jié)論，實(shí)驗(yàn)跟蹤監(jiān)測(cè)了1,500名有天賦的人，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)一直進(jìn)行到他們35歲為止，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：
在成人智力測(cè)試上，他們的得分同他們孩提時(shí)的得分一樣高。作為一個(gè)群體，他們身心狀況良好。在這個(gè)群體中，有84%的人已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了而且似乎對(duì)自己的生活感到滿(mǎn)意。
雖然只有30%的人是優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生，但大學(xué)畢業(yè)的人數(shù)約為70%。雖然有幾個(gè)人曾中途退學(xué)，但是其中將近一半的人又重新返回了學(xué)校并畢業(yè)。其中男性中的80%的人在專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域、企業(yè)管理或是半專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域里從事工作。而其中仍為單身的女性也在辦事處、企業(yè)或?qū)I(yè)領(lǐng)域工作。
這群人已經(jīng)編著了90本書(shū)并在科學(xué)、學(xué)術(shù)以及文學(xué)雜志上發(fā)表了1500篇文章以及擁有100多項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利權(quán)。
在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，他們也表現(xiàn)良好。這群天資稟賦之人，尤其是其中的男人，雖然比較年輕，但與全國(guó)其他人相比，他們的平均收入?yún)s高得多。
事實(shí)上，不足為奇，大多數(shù)的天才都會(huì)將其早年的跡象轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)。