Ask & Learn聞問(wèn)切英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ): End weight principle

字號(hào):


    Ask & Learn聞問(wèn)切英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ):End weight principle
    早前本欄討論關(guān)系從句在句子的位置時(shí),提到英語(yǔ)不習(xí)慣用單字動(dòng)詞來(lái)結(jié)束一句長(zhǎng)句子。文章刊出后,舍弟指出英語(yǔ)修辭里有一項(xiàng)原則叫 "end weight principle",與之前所說(shuō)有相似之處。
    根據(jù) end weight principle,英語(yǔ)句子都偏向把分量重(weight)的部分放在句子的后方,以方便理解。所謂「分量」,是指從句或短語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)度或所包含的信息,例如:紅燈亮著的時(shí)候過(guò)馬路很危險(xiǎn)。這句話用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出來(lái)有兩個(gè)表達(dá)方式:
    (1) Crossing the road when the red light is on is dangerous.
    (2) It is dangerous to cross the road when the red light is on.
    這兩句在文法上都正確,但第一句不符合 end weight principle:因?yàn)?crossing the road when the red light is on 比 dangerous 長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)、分量較重,因此一般人都用第二種說(shuō)法。
    回到之前討論的句子,我們就明白為什么動(dòng)詞反而放在關(guān)系從句前面了:
    Yet sometimes problems arise that require a newborn to be hospitalised.
    Unfortunately, various technical issues arise that make the task much more difficult.
    Have you any questions about English usage? Don't hesitate to send them to us!