英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)例析

字號(hào):

一、考查要點(diǎn):
    主要考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。例如:
    1. Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world.
    A. was spoken B. is spoken C. spoke D. speak
    (2006北京市大綱卷)
    2. -What should we do first if we want to develop our village?
    -A lot of new roads _____,I think.
    A. have to build B. must build C. have built D. must be built
    (2006湖北黃岡)
    (Key:1. B 2. D)
    簡(jiǎn)析:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”這一形式構(gòu)成的。過(guò)去分詞永遠(yuǎn)不變,所有的變化即人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,都體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上。
    二、特殊情況:
    (一)在沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),“by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”可以省略。
    1. I won’t leave my office until my work .
    A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished
    (2006江蘇南通)
    簡(jiǎn)析:D.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很明確,可以省略。
    (二)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比較適宜。
    2. Dad, the phone is ringing. I guess either you or Mum_____on the phone.
    A. is wanted B. are wanted C. wants D. want
    (2006江蘇宿遷)
    簡(jiǎn)析:A.不清楚動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
    (三)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可丟掉動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞。
    3. Students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. (改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
    Magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students.
    (2006重慶市)
    簡(jiǎn)析:填be taken out of.take out of為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,不要漏掉out of.
    (四)帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),常有兩種方法:把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加介詞to或for;或把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)不變。
    4. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
    A Christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year.
    (2006重慶市)
    簡(jiǎn)析:填was sent.
    三、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明:
    (一)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
    1. The village is building a school. I hope it _____ before August this year.
    A. finishes B. will finish C. is finished D. will be finished
    (2006江西省大綱卷)
    簡(jiǎn)析:D.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:will/shall+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。
    (二)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
    2. China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors(親善大使)for Shanghai.
    A. has been named B. have been named
    C. has named D. have named
    (2006江蘇徐州)
    簡(jiǎn)析:B.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為:have/has been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。