Overview of the Banking Industry in China
I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China
1.Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.
盡管銀行與其他以盈利為目的的企業(yè)具有許多共同的特征,但它在國民經(jīng)濟中還發(fā)揮著特殊的作用。銀行可以動員儲蓄,為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金,傳遞貨幣政策,提供支付系統(tǒng),轉(zhuǎn)化風險。
(1)整個第一段是由"連詞although……"引導的主從復合句(讓步狀語從句),意為"雖然;縱使;盡管……但……"。
through介詞,后面跟了幾個并列的"動名詞短語",有mobilizing…,allocating…,transmitting…,providing…,transforming…。
(2)the banking industry in China
banking:銀行業(yè)
例:the banking industry in China:中國銀行業(yè)
the banking sector:銀行業(yè)
a banking crisis:銀行業(yè)危機
banking hours:銀行營業(yè)時間
industry:①產(chǎn)業(yè)
例:primary industry第一產(chǎn)業(yè);初級產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事初級原材料,如煤炭、木材、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)業(yè))
secondary industry第二產(chǎn)業(yè);次級產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事利用初級原材料生產(chǎn)加工制成品的產(chǎn)業(yè))
tertiary(service) industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè);服務行業(yè)(不生產(chǎn)原材料,也不生產(chǎn)加工制成品,而僅提供服務的產(chǎn)業(yè),例如銀行業(yè)、零售業(yè)、會計工作等)
②行業(yè)
例:advertising industry:廣告業(yè)
the insurance industry:保險業(yè)
③sector:部門;部分
例:All sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.
所有經(jīng)濟部門都受到匯率上升的影響。
public sector:政府部門;公營部門
private sector:私營部門
(股票市場的)行業(yè);按行業(yè)(如銀行業(yè))分類上市股票
(3)share common features:具有共同特征
share: have a shareshare in sth):共有;分享;分擔
例:to share losses(expenses):分擔損失(費用)
to share the blame(responsibility):分擔過失(責任)
to share in profits:分享利益
(4)profit-seeking business:以盈利為目的的企業(yè)
business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc:商店;工商企業(yè)等
(5)economy: ①(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value:節(jié)約;節(jié)儉
例:to introduce economies(economy measures) into the system:實行節(jié)約措施
economies of scale:規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(通過增加產(chǎn)量來降低成本,提高利潤)
②system for the management and use of resources:經(jīng)濟(制度),一個國家的經(jīng)濟狀況(一個國家的財政金融狀況,一個國家賺錢、用錢的方式)
例:controlled economy:受政府控制的經(jīng)濟
free market economy:自由市場經(jīng)濟(政府對經(jīng)濟不進行任何形式的干預的經(jīng)濟制度)
global economy:全球經(jīng)濟
mixed economy:混合經(jīng)濟(既有國有工業(yè)也有私人企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟制度)
planned economy:計劃經(jīng)濟(政府對所有經(jīng)濟活動進行計劃的經(jīng)濟制度)
(6)to mobilize savings:動員儲蓄
mobilize: v.collect together for service or use:動員(尤指戰(zhàn)勝敵人的動員)
例:to mobilize capital
慕集資金以支持某事
to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid
求得股東等的支持以阻止公司被收購
(7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investment為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金
allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose:按計劃分配;配給
例:to allocate shares:分配股份(將可供股票數(shù)目在大批申請購股人之間進行分配)
to allocate capital funds:分配資金;調(diào)配資金
We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.我們把10%的年收入用于廣告。
(8)finance: vt.provide money for (a scheme,etc):v.提供資金
例:to finance an operation:為一項目提供資金
(9)capital funds:資本金;資金
例:capital assets:資本資產(chǎn)(公司擁有并使用的房地產(chǎn)或機器等)
capital goods:資本品,生產(chǎn)資料(用于制造其他產(chǎn)品的商品,如機器設備等)
capital profit:資本盈余,資本利潤(資產(chǎn)變賣所得利潤)
(10)monetary policy:貨幣政策
monetary: a.of money or a currency:貨幣的;通貨的
例:monetary control:貨幣控制(控制貨幣供應量)
the government's monetary policy政府的貨幣政策(與金融有關的政府政策,如貨幣供應量、銀行利率、政府支出與借款)
monetary standard:貨幣本位(為貨幣固定比價,如把貨幣的價值同一定量黃金掛鉤、稱金本位制)
manetary targets:貨幣目標(政府在制定第二年預算時所確定的一些數(shù)字,如貨幣供應量、公共部門借款需求等)
monetary unit:貨幣單位(一國的或國家集團內(nèi)的標準貨幣,如人民幣的元、英鎊、美元、法郎、非洲金融共同體法郎、歐共體貨幣單位等)
the international monetary system:國際貨幣體系(國與國之間控制貨幣和兌換貨幣的方式)
the International Monetary Fund(IMF):國際貨幣基金組織
(11)to transform risks轉(zhuǎn)化風險;轉(zhuǎn)移風險
risk: n.(instance of) possibility or chance of meeting danger,suffering loss,injury,etc:風險(可能的損害或危害);危險
例:to run a risk:冒風險(很可能遭受損害)
to take a risk:承擔風險(做可能使自己損失錢財或遭受傷害的事)
1.First, banks serve as a principal repository of liquid funds for the public.
第一,銀行是社會流動資金的集散地。
(1)serve: v.be satisfactory for a need or purpose:利于,合適;可作……用(與as或for連用)
例:A worm will serve as bait.蛹可作餌用。
This room will serve for the office.這個房間可作辦公室用。
(2)the public:members of the community in general:公眾;民眾(此處引伸為"整個社會")
(3)principal repository:主要集散地;樞紐
principal: a.highest in order of importance:最重要的
repository:place where things are or may be stored:n.倉庫,儲藏所(此處引伸為"集散地,集散中心")
(4)liquid funds:流動資金
liquid: a.easily sold or changed into cash:易變現(xiàn)的,含有大量現(xiàn)金的,流動的
例:liquid assets:流動資產(chǎn)(指現(xiàn)金或易變現(xiàn)票據(jù))
to go liquid:將(盡可能多的)資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)金
liquid market:流動市場,交易旺盛的市場(某種證券的市場,這個市場有足夠的股票可供出售而不扭曲價格。其反義詞是thin market:交易清淡的市場)
2.The safety and availability of such funds for transactions and other purposes are essential to the stability and efficiency of the financial system.
銀行吸納的資金可用于儲戶的日常交易或其他目的,這種資金的安全性和可獲得性,對保證金融體系的穩(wěn)定和效率至關重要。
(1)be essential to:對……至關重要
essential: a.necessary;indispensable;most important
(2)stability: n.quality of being stable:穩(wěn)定性;安定
(3)efficiency: n.state or quality of being efficient:效力;效率
efficient: a.producing a desired or satisfactory result:有效力的;有效率的
(4)the financial system:金融體系
①financial: a.of finance:金融的;財務的
例:financial institutions:金融機構(從事證券投資業(yè)務的機構,比如銀行同業(yè)協(xié)會、養(yǎng)老基金或保險公司)
financial intermediary:金融中介(從事吸收存款、發(fā)放貸款業(yè)務的金融機構,包括銀行、租賃公司及各種類型的金融機構)
financial instrument:金融工具(在股票市場或其他金融市場進行的任何形式的投資,如購買股票、政府債券、大額存單、匯票等)
②system:group of things or parts working together in a regular relation:系統(tǒng),體制;制度
例:a payment system:支付體系,支付系統(tǒng)
the whole financial system:整個金融系統(tǒng)
banking system:銀行體系
information system:信息系統(tǒng)
monetary(money) system:貨幣制度
Paragraph 3
3.Second, by channeling savings to productive investments, banks play a key role in facilitating efficient allocation of scarce financial resources.
第二,銀行通過將儲蓄引導到生產(chǎn)性投資領域,在有效配置有限的金融資源方面起著關鍵的作用。
(1)channel……(to): v.cause to go through a channel:使經(jīng)過某種路線前進;引導
channel: n.any way by which news,ideas,etc may travel:(消息,意見等傳播的)途徑;路線;方法
(2)savings: n.money saved up:(復)儲金;儲蓄
例:keep one‘s savings in a bank:把儲蓄的錢存在銀行
savings account:儲蓄賬戶
(3)productive investments:生產(chǎn)性投資(領域)
(4)to play a unique role (in):發(fā)揮著特殊作用
to play a key role (in):起著關鍵作用
(5)to facilitate efficient allocation of:有效配置……
facilitate: vt.make easy;lessen the difficulty of:使容易;使便利
(6)scarce financial resources:有限的(稀缺的)金融資源
scarce: a.not available in sufficient quantity; not equal to the demand:缺乏的;稀罕的
Paragraph 4
4.Third, banks serve to transmit the impulses of monetary policy to the whole financial system and ultimately to the real economy.
第三,銀行將貨幣政策的變化趨勢傳導到整個金融系統(tǒng)并最終至實體經(jīng)濟部門。
(1)transmit (to): v.pass or hand on;send on:傳送;傳遞
(2)the impulse of monetary policy:貨幣政策態(tài)勢(傳導機制,調(diào)節(jié)機制)
impulse: n.tendency to act without reflection:不假思索而行事的頃向
sudden inclination to act without thought about the consequences:沖動
(3)the real economy:實體經(jīng)濟部門
real: a.existing in fact:真實的;
(價格等)實際的(按照通貨膨脹率重新調(diào)整過的)
例:real income(real wages):實際收入(實際工資)(扣除所得稅并排除通貨膨脹因素后的可支配收入)
real interest rate:實際利率(考慮通貨膨脹后的利率)
real value:實際價值(通過指數(shù)化等方法保持不變的投資價值)
1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.
第四,銀行部門為現(xiàn)代財政和企業(yè)體制的發(fā)展提供必要的國家支付體系。
(1)the indispensable national payment mechanism:必要的國家支付體系
indispensable:a.不可缺少的;絕對必要的
mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed:機制;結構
例:competitive mechanism:競爭機制
exchange rate mechanism:匯率機制
market mechanism:市場機制
price mechanism:價格機制
mechanism of exchange:交易機構
mechanism of government:政府機構
(2)modern financial and business systems:現(xiàn)代財務制度和工商企業(yè)體系
I.The Role of the Banking Sector in China
1.Although banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.
盡管銀行與其他以盈利為目的的企業(yè)具有許多共同的特征,但它在國民經(jīng)濟中還發(fā)揮著特殊的作用。銀行可以動員儲蓄,為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金,傳遞貨幣政策,提供支付系統(tǒng),轉(zhuǎn)化風險。
(1)整個第一段是由"連詞although……"引導的主從復合句(讓步狀語從句),意為"雖然;縱使;盡管……但……"。
through介詞,后面跟了幾個并列的"動名詞短語",有mobilizing…,allocating…,transmitting…,providing…,transforming…。
(2)the banking industry in China
banking:銀行業(yè)
例:the banking industry in China:中國銀行業(yè)
the banking sector:銀行業(yè)
a banking crisis:銀行業(yè)危機
banking hours:銀行營業(yè)時間
industry:①產(chǎn)業(yè)
例:primary industry第一產(chǎn)業(yè);初級產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事初級原材料,如煤炭、木材、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)業(yè))
secondary industry第二產(chǎn)業(yè);次級產(chǎn)業(yè)(從事利用初級原材料生產(chǎn)加工制成品的產(chǎn)業(yè))
tertiary(service) industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè);服務行業(yè)(不生產(chǎn)原材料,也不生產(chǎn)加工制成品,而僅提供服務的產(chǎn)業(yè),例如銀行業(yè)、零售業(yè)、會計工作等)
②行業(yè)
例:advertising industry:廣告業(yè)
the insurance industry:保險業(yè)
③sector:部門;部分
例:All sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.
所有經(jīng)濟部門都受到匯率上升的影響。
public sector:政府部門;公營部門
private sector:私營部門
(股票市場的)行業(yè);按行業(yè)(如銀行業(yè))分類上市股票
(3)share common features:具有共同特征
share: have a shareshare in sth):共有;分享;分擔
例:to share losses(expenses):分擔損失(費用)
to share the blame(responsibility):分擔過失(責任)
to share in profits:分享利益
(4)profit-seeking business:以盈利為目的的企業(yè)
business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc:商店;工商企業(yè)等
(5)economy: ①(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value:節(jié)約;節(jié)儉
例:to introduce economies(economy measures) into the system:實行節(jié)約措施
economies of scale:規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(通過增加產(chǎn)量來降低成本,提高利潤)
②system for the management and use of resources:經(jīng)濟(制度),一個國家的經(jīng)濟狀況(一個國家的財政金融狀況,一個國家賺錢、用錢的方式)
例:controlled economy:受政府控制的經(jīng)濟
free market economy:自由市場經(jīng)濟(政府對經(jīng)濟不進行任何形式的干預的經(jīng)濟制度)
global economy:全球經(jīng)濟
mixed economy:混合經(jīng)濟(既有國有工業(yè)也有私人企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟制度)
planned economy:計劃經(jīng)濟(政府對所有經(jīng)濟活動進行計劃的經(jīng)濟制度)
(6)to mobilize savings:動員儲蓄
mobilize: v.collect together for service or use:動員(尤指戰(zhàn)勝敵人的動員)
例:to mobilize capital
慕集資金以支持某事
to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid
求得股東等的支持以阻止公司被收購
(7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investment為生產(chǎn)性企業(yè)投資調(diào)配資金
allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose:按計劃分配;配給
例:to allocate shares:分配股份(將可供股票數(shù)目在大批申請購股人之間進行分配)
to allocate capital funds:分配資金;調(diào)配資金
We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.我們把10%的年收入用于廣告。
(8)finance: vt.provide money for (a scheme,etc):v.提供資金
例:to finance an operation:為一項目提供資金
(9)capital funds:資本金;資金
例:capital assets:資本資產(chǎn)(公司擁有并使用的房地產(chǎn)或機器等)
capital goods:資本品,生產(chǎn)資料(用于制造其他產(chǎn)品的商品,如機器設備等)
capital profit:資本盈余,資本利潤(資產(chǎn)變賣所得利潤)
(10)monetary policy:貨幣政策
monetary: a.of money or a currency:貨幣的;通貨的
例:monetary control:貨幣控制(控制貨幣供應量)
the government's monetary policy政府的貨幣政策(與金融有關的政府政策,如貨幣供應量、銀行利率、政府支出與借款)
monetary standard:貨幣本位(為貨幣固定比價,如把貨幣的價值同一定量黃金掛鉤、稱金本位制)
manetary targets:貨幣目標(政府在制定第二年預算時所確定的一些數(shù)字,如貨幣供應量、公共部門借款需求等)
monetary unit:貨幣單位(一國的或國家集團內(nèi)的標準貨幣,如人民幣的元、英鎊、美元、法郎、非洲金融共同體法郎、歐共體貨幣單位等)
the international monetary system:國際貨幣體系(國與國之間控制貨幣和兌換貨幣的方式)
the International Monetary Fund(IMF):國際貨幣基金組織
(11)to transform risks轉(zhuǎn)化風險;轉(zhuǎn)移風險
risk: n.(instance of) possibility or chance of meeting danger,suffering loss,injury,etc:風險(可能的損害或危害);危險
例:to run a risk:冒風險(很可能遭受損害)
to take a risk:承擔風險(做可能使自己損失錢財或遭受傷害的事)
1.First, banks serve as a principal repository of liquid funds for the public.
第一,銀行是社會流動資金的集散地。
(1)serve: v.be satisfactory for a need or purpose:利于,合適;可作……用(與as或for連用)
例:A worm will serve as bait.蛹可作餌用。
This room will serve for the office.這個房間可作辦公室用。
(2)the public:members of the community in general:公眾;民眾(此處引伸為"整個社會")
(3)principal repository:主要集散地;樞紐
principal: a.highest in order of importance:最重要的
repository:place where things are or may be stored:n.倉庫,儲藏所(此處引伸為"集散地,集散中心")
(4)liquid funds:流動資金
liquid: a.easily sold or changed into cash:易變現(xiàn)的,含有大量現(xiàn)金的,流動的
例:liquid assets:流動資產(chǎn)(指現(xiàn)金或易變現(xiàn)票據(jù))
to go liquid:將(盡可能多的)資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)金
liquid market:流動市場,交易旺盛的市場(某種證券的市場,這個市場有足夠的股票可供出售而不扭曲價格。其反義詞是thin market:交易清淡的市場)
2.The safety and availability of such funds for transactions and other purposes are essential to the stability and efficiency of the financial system.
銀行吸納的資金可用于儲戶的日常交易或其他目的,這種資金的安全性和可獲得性,對保證金融體系的穩(wěn)定和效率至關重要。
(1)be essential to:對……至關重要
essential: a.necessary;indispensable;most important
(2)stability: n.quality of being stable:穩(wěn)定性;安定
(3)efficiency: n.state or quality of being efficient:效力;效率
efficient: a.producing a desired or satisfactory result:有效力的;有效率的
(4)the financial system:金融體系
①financial: a.of finance:金融的;財務的
例:financial institutions:金融機構(從事證券投資業(yè)務的機構,比如銀行同業(yè)協(xié)會、養(yǎng)老基金或保險公司)
financial intermediary:金融中介(從事吸收存款、發(fā)放貸款業(yè)務的金融機構,包括銀行、租賃公司及各種類型的金融機構)
financial instrument:金融工具(在股票市場或其他金融市場進行的任何形式的投資,如購買股票、政府債券、大額存單、匯票等)
②system:group of things or parts working together in a regular relation:系統(tǒng),體制;制度
例:a payment system:支付體系,支付系統(tǒng)
the whole financial system:整個金融系統(tǒng)
banking system:銀行體系
information system:信息系統(tǒng)
monetary(money) system:貨幣制度
Paragraph 3
3.Second, by channeling savings to productive investments, banks play a key role in facilitating efficient allocation of scarce financial resources.
第二,銀行通過將儲蓄引導到生產(chǎn)性投資領域,在有效配置有限的金融資源方面起著關鍵的作用。
(1)channel……(to): v.cause to go through a channel:使經(jīng)過某種路線前進;引導
channel: n.any way by which news,ideas,etc may travel:(消息,意見等傳播的)途徑;路線;方法
(2)savings: n.money saved up:(復)儲金;儲蓄
例:keep one‘s savings in a bank:把儲蓄的錢存在銀行
savings account:儲蓄賬戶
(3)productive investments:生產(chǎn)性投資(領域)
(4)to play a unique role (in):發(fā)揮著特殊作用
to play a key role (in):起著關鍵作用
(5)to facilitate efficient allocation of:有效配置……
facilitate: vt.make easy;lessen the difficulty of:使容易;使便利
(6)scarce financial resources:有限的(稀缺的)金融資源
scarce: a.not available in sufficient quantity; not equal to the demand:缺乏的;稀罕的
Paragraph 4
4.Third, banks serve to transmit the impulses of monetary policy to the whole financial system and ultimately to the real economy.
第三,銀行將貨幣政策的變化趨勢傳導到整個金融系統(tǒng)并最終至實體經(jīng)濟部門。
(1)transmit (to): v.pass or hand on;send on:傳送;傳遞
(2)the impulse of monetary policy:貨幣政策態(tài)勢(傳導機制,調(diào)節(jié)機制)
impulse: n.tendency to act without reflection:不假思索而行事的頃向
sudden inclination to act without thought about the consequences:沖動
(3)the real economy:實體經(jīng)濟部門
real: a.existing in fact:真實的;
(價格等)實際的(按照通貨膨脹率重新調(diào)整過的)
例:real income(real wages):實際收入(實際工資)(扣除所得稅并排除通貨膨脹因素后的可支配收入)
real interest rate:實際利率(考慮通貨膨脹后的利率)
real value:實際價值(通過指數(shù)化等方法保持不變的投資價值)
1.Fourth, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.
第四,銀行部門為現(xiàn)代財政和企業(yè)體制的發(fā)展提供必要的國家支付體系。
(1)the indispensable national payment mechanism:必要的國家支付體系
indispensable:a.不可缺少的;絕對必要的
mechanism: n.way in which sth works or is constructed:機制;結構
例:competitive mechanism:競爭機制
exchange rate mechanism:匯率機制
market mechanism:市場機制
price mechanism:價格機制
mechanism of exchange:交易機構
mechanism of government:政府機構
(2)modern financial and business systems:現(xiàn)代財務制度和工商企業(yè)體系