1. make+名詞+possible;
His financial aid makes this trip possible.
2. make+possible+名詞(名詞短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí))
His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of the world famous university.
3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (見形式賓語(yǔ)部分)
The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education.
定語(yǔ)從句可分為限定性和非限定性兩種，其主要區(qū)別為：
1. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。
2. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞一般不用that，
在修飾人時(shí)用who, whom, whose
He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
在修飾物時(shí)用 which
部分狀語(yǔ)從句可以省略，在填空題中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)
如：Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (從句中省略了he was)
If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (從句中省略了I were)
注意: 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是for + 一段時(shí)間(已經(jīng)有…時(shí)間了), 和since + 一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(自從…以來)的時(shí)候, 句中的謂語(yǔ)不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(暫短性動(dòng)詞),
如不能說 :I have borrowed the book for ten days. (錯(cuò)誤: borrow這個(gè)動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在圖書出納臺(tái)上的一次性動(dòng)作, 不能延續(xù), 因此不能和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)應(yīng)改為: I have kept the book for ten days.
這樣的暫短性動(dòng)詞還有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等倒裝
倒裝句就是將正常的陳述語(yǔ)序加以變化，主要作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)被提前的部分
倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種：
一、全部倒裝
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前至主語(yǔ)之前為全部倒裝，如： Out came his guest.On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒裝
助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位置不變，即為部分倒裝，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn’t her invitation appeal to you?
第一節(jié) 否定詞提前倒裝
否定詞用于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝
否定詞常用的有：
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就)
Never/ Rarely/Seldom Hardly/Scarcely… (when)
Few/LittleNeither/Nor (也不) Nwhere At no time Under no circumstances(決不)
On no account (決不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分別和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一組詞之后的部分不進(jìn)行倒裝，只有否定詞之后的部分倒裝
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but hecame out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此類倒裝句一般出現(xiàn)在填空題中，需填入的是倒裝部分，只要在句首見到上述的詞，就應(yīng)條件反射的想到用倒裝句
第二節(jié) 介詞、分詞詞組提前倒裝
當(dāng)句子沒有賓語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)偏長(zhǎng)時(shí)，往往將句中作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)的形容詞短語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)提至句首，引起主謂的全部倒裝
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that shehad cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government,which she had blamed for all the
social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
第三節(jié) 副詞提前倒裝
副詞提至句首引起倒裝，可分以下幾種情況：
1. only + 副詞(when, before, if, after等)或only+介詞狀語(yǔ)(由in, under, by, on, after等引導(dǎo))提前，必須部分倒裝
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been. Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that
there was dan ger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副詞提前，部分倒裝
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got
hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一種倒裝是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亞過多的依賴于來自農(nóng)作物的收入，佛羅里達(dá)也是這樣同理，體會(huì)一下neither, nor的倒裝 He can’t dance, neither/nor can I.= I can’t, either.
他不會(huì)跳舞，我也不會(huì)。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副詞提前，全部倒裝
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
第四節(jié) 疑問倒裝
疑問句需部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，由于經(jīng)常用到不會(huì)成為考試的難點(diǎn)。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
by可視為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞，by之后的名詞短語(yǔ)是句中動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者;在題干中若見到by+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)要優(yōu)先考慮用被動(dòng)式
如: The wall is painted by Tom.
The book was written by Mark Twain.
注意1：by之后如果接的是動(dòng)名詞，則表示方式、手段，不能視為被動(dòng)式的標(biāo)志，且此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主動(dòng)式，如：He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2：對(duì)于know來講，一般用be known to 而不用be know by強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it作形式主語(yǔ)可以替代任何被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分基本模式：It + be + 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如：It was only you who cared for me. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (強(qiáng)狀語(yǔ))
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句)
注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象是人時(shí)，可用who, whom或that, 其余情況一律用that; 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who/that, 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom/that.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
此章內(nèi)容在TOEFL考點(diǎn)中處于相對(duì)次要地位，但在英文中是比較活躍的用法，必須對(duì)其有所了解, 這樣對(duì)讀題非常有幫助虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英文中一特殊的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，主要用于表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的陳述，常表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責(zé)備、規(guī)勸等語(yǔ)義，可大致分為三類
一、對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬基本形式：If + were /did等過去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事實(shí)上，I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
His financial aid makes this trip possible.
2. make+possible+名詞(名詞短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí))
His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of the world famous university.
3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (見形式賓語(yǔ)部分)
The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education.
定語(yǔ)從句可分為限定性和非限定性兩種，其主要區(qū)別為：
1. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。
2. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞一般不用that，
在修飾人時(shí)用who, whom, whose
He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
在修飾物時(shí)用 which
部分狀語(yǔ)從句可以省略，在填空題中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)
如：Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (從句中省略了he was)
If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (從句中省略了I were)
注意: 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是for + 一段時(shí)間(已經(jīng)有…時(shí)間了), 和since + 一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(自從…以來)的時(shí)候, 句中的謂語(yǔ)不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(暫短性動(dòng)詞),
如不能說 :I have borrowed the book for ten days. (錯(cuò)誤: borrow這個(gè)動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在圖書出納臺(tái)上的一次性動(dòng)作, 不能延續(xù), 因此不能和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)應(yīng)改為: I have kept the book for ten days.
這樣的暫短性動(dòng)詞還有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等倒裝
倒裝句就是將正常的陳述語(yǔ)序加以變化，主要作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)被提前的部分
倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種：
一、全部倒裝
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前至主語(yǔ)之前為全部倒裝，如： Out came his guest.On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒裝
助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞位置不變，即為部分倒裝，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn’t her invitation appeal to you?
第一節(jié) 否定詞提前倒裝
否定詞用于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝
否定詞常用的有：
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就)
Never/ Rarely/Seldom Hardly/Scarcely… (when)
Few/LittleNeither/Nor (也不) Nwhere At no time Under no circumstances(決不)
On no account (決不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分別和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一組詞之后的部分不進(jìn)行倒裝，只有否定詞之后的部分倒裝
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but hecame out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此類倒裝句一般出現(xiàn)在填空題中，需填入的是倒裝部分，只要在句首見到上述的詞，就應(yīng)條件反射的想到用倒裝句
第二節(jié) 介詞、分詞詞組提前倒裝
當(dāng)句子沒有賓語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)偏長(zhǎng)時(shí)，往往將句中作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)的形容詞短語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)提至句首，引起主謂的全部倒裝
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that shehad cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government,which she had blamed for all the
social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
第三節(jié) 副詞提前倒裝
副詞提至句首引起倒裝，可分以下幾種情況：
1. only + 副詞(when, before, if, after等)或only+介詞狀語(yǔ)(由in, under, by, on, after等引導(dǎo))提前，必須部分倒裝
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been. Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that
there was dan ger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副詞提前，部分倒裝
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam. =He worked so diligently that he got
hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一種倒裝是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亞過多的依賴于來自農(nóng)作物的收入，佛羅里達(dá)也是這樣同理，體會(huì)一下neither, nor的倒裝 He can’t dance, neither/nor can I.= I can’t, either.
他不會(huì)跳舞，我也不會(huì)。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副詞提前，全部倒裝
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
第四節(jié) 疑問倒裝
疑問句需部分倒裝語(yǔ)序，由于經(jīng)常用到不會(huì)成為考試的難點(diǎn)。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
by可視為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞，by之后的名詞短語(yǔ)是句中動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者;在題干中若見到by+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)要優(yōu)先考慮用被動(dòng)式
如: The wall is painted by Tom.
The book was written by Mark Twain.
注意1：by之后如果接的是動(dòng)名詞，則表示方式、手段，不能視為被動(dòng)式的標(biāo)志，且此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用主動(dòng)式，如：He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2：對(duì)于know來講，一般用be known to 而不用be know by強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it作形式主語(yǔ)可以替代任何被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分基本模式：It + be + 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如：It was only you who cared for me. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (強(qiáng)狀語(yǔ))
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)從句)
注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象是人時(shí)，可用who, whom或that, 其余情況一律用that; 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who/that, 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用whom/that.
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
此章內(nèi)容在TOEFL考點(diǎn)中處于相對(duì)次要地位，但在英文中是比較活躍的用法，必須對(duì)其有所了解, 這樣對(duì)讀題非常有幫助虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英文中一特殊的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，主要用于表達(dá)與事實(shí)相反的陳述，常表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責(zé)備、規(guī)勸等語(yǔ)義，可大致分為三類
一、對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬基本形式：If + were /did等過去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事實(shí)上，I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.