Notes on the text
課文注釋
1 they were known as ‘prizefighters’，他們被稱作“職業(yè)拳擊手”。 be known as…，被稱作……。
2 until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules中，以when引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，修飾前面的年代 1860年。draw up是“制定”、“草擬”的意思。a set of，一套。 Marquis of Queensberry，昆斯伯里侯爵，是指第8位昆斯伯里侯爵約翰·修托·道格拉斯（1844—1900），蘇格蘭貴族。他制定的“昆斯伯里規(guī)則”至今仍是拳擊的比賽規(guī)則。
3 change…into…，把……變成……，bring…to…，把……引進……。
4 in his day，在他的全盛時期。
day此處指“幸運或順利的時期”。
5 He was adored by rich and poor alike. 人們不論貧富都很崇拜他。
rich and poor是固定詞組，意為富人和窮人。有的形容詞可用作名詞，但前面要加the。
6 rise to fame，成名。
7 Humphries turned against him，漢弗萊斯與他反目為敵。
8 at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour中，以where引導(dǎo)的從句作Stilton的定語。
9 bet on…，在……上押（賭金）。
10 It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries…這是一個it的強調(diào)句。被強調(diào)的部分not until his third match in 1790放在It was之后，句子的其他部分放在引導(dǎo)詞that之后。
11 be in debt，負債。
參考譯文
兩百年前，拳擊比賽在英國非常盛行。當(dāng)時，拳擊手們不戴手套，為爭奪獎金而搏斗。因此，他們被稱作“職業(yè)拳擊手”。不過，拳擊是十分野蠻的，因為當(dāng)時沒有任何比賽規(guī)則，職業(yè)拳擊手有可能在比賽中受重傷，甚至喪命。
拳擊引人注目的人物之一是丹尼爾·門多薩，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第為拳擊比賽制定了規(guī)則，拳擊比賽這才用上了手套。雖然門多薩嚴格來講不過是個職業(yè)拳擊手，但在把這種粗野的拳擊變成一種體育運動方面，他作出了重大貢獻。是他把科學(xué)引進了這項運動。門多薩在他的全盛時期深受大家歡迎，無論是富人還是窮人都對他崇拜備至。
門多薩在14歲時參加了一場拳擊賽后一舉成名。這引起了當(dāng)時英國拳壇名將理查德·漢弗萊斯的注意。他主動提出教授門多薩，而年少的門多薩一學(xué)就會。事實上，門多薩不久便名聲大振，致使?jié)h弗萊斯與他反目為敵。兩個人爭吵不休，顯而易見，只有較量一番才能解決問題。于是兩人在斯蒂爾頓設(shè)下賽場，廝打了一個小時。公眾把大筆賭注下到了門多薩身上，但他卻輸了。后來，門多薩與漢弗萊斯再次在拳擊場上較量，門多薩又輸了一場。直到1790年他們第3次對壘，門多薩才終于擊敗了漢弗萊斯，成了全英拳擊冠軍。同時，他建立了一所拳擊學(xué)校，辦得很成功，連拜倫勛爵也成了他的學(xué)生。門多薩掙來大筆大筆的錢，出場費就可多達100英鎊。盡管收入不少，但他揮霍無度，經(jīng)常債臺高筑。他在被一個叫杰克遜紳士的拳擊手擊敗后很快被人遺忘。他因無力還債而被捕入獄，后于1836年在貧困中死去。
Comprehension理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 Why were boxers known as‘prizefighters’ two hundred years ago?
2 Why was boxing very crude in those days?
3 What was Mendoza's chief contribution to boxing?
Vocabulary 詞匯
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: bare (1. 2); injured (1. 5); drew up (1. 8): crude (1. 9); enjoyed tremendous popularity (11. 9-10); adored (1. 10); alike (1. 10).
Summary writing摘要寫作
In not more than 80 words write a brief account of Mendoza's career from the time he quarrelled with Humphries. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Composition作文
In not more than 250 words, write an imaginary account of the first fight between Mendoza and Humphries.
Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.
Ideas: The quarrel ---- Mendoza and Humphries: bets from supporters ---- atmosphere just before the fight ---- the fight itself ---- Mendoza's defeat ---- effect on him and his supporters.
Letter writing書信寫作
On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:
The address and date; the beginning of the letter; the Introduction; the Purpose; the Conclusion; the letter-ending; the signature; the postscript. Supply all necessary full stops and commas.
Key structures and Special difficulties 關(guān)鍵句型和難點
Exercises 練習(xí)
1 Boxing marches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. (11. 1-2) Write two sentences using the words ago and before. (IKS 38) （參見第2冊第38課關(guān)鍵句型b）
2 … a prizefighter could be seriously injured (11. 4-5). Write two sentences using could and was able to. (IKS 43c) （參見第2冊第43課關(guān)鍵句型c）
3 The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860. (1. 7) Write a sentence using the construction not … until. (IKS 9d) （參見第2冊第9課關(guān)鍵句型d）
4 He was adored by rich and poor alike. (1. 10) Note the use of by in this sentence. Write two sentences using by in the same way. (IKS 34) （參見第2冊第34課關(guān)鍵句型）
5 Mendoza rose to fame. (1. 11) Write two sentences illustrating the use of rose and raised. (ISD 51a) （參見第2冊第51課難點a）
6 … his young pupil was quick to learn. (1. 13) Write two sentences using the following: pleased to and sorry to. (ISD 13) （參見第13課難點）
7 it was clear. (1. 14) Write three sentences bringing out the different meanings of the word clear. Write a sentence using the word clean. (ISD 81c) （參見第2冊第81課難點c）
8 He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts. (1. 21) Note the form of the verb fail here. Write sentences using a verb after each of the following: afraid of; without; apologize for; congratulate on. (IKS 20) （參見第2冊第20課關(guān)鍵句型） Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because ______ .
a．he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing
b．for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game
c．he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza's early fame
d．he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza
2 At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton ______ .
a．Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public
b．a(chǎn)fter an hour's fighting Humphries became champion of England
c．Mendoza lost twice to Humphries
d．the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries
3 Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza ______ .
a．earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion
b．earned so much money that he became a rich man
c．greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing
d．was given enormous sums by Lord Byron
Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)
4 In those days, ______ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money. (11. 2-3)
a．they called boxers
b．boxers called
c．boxers being called
d．they were called boxers
5 A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or ______ during a … (11. 4-5)
a．even be killed
b．be even killed
c．even killed
d．was even killed
6 Mendoza ______ boxing into a sport. (11. 8-9)
a．was much changed by
b．did a great deal to change
c．changed a great deal of
d．much changed
7 He was so extravagant that he ______ people money. (1. 20)
a．a(chǎn)lways owed to
b．a(chǎn)lways owed
c．owed always
d．was always owing to
Vocabulary 詞匯
8 One of the most ______ in boxing history was …(11. 6-7)
a．vivid personalities
b．famous people
c．painted images
d．imaginative characters
9 ---- after a boxing match at the ______ young age of fourteen. (1. 11)
a．marvellously
b．singly
c．exceptionally
d．unequally
10 Mendoza's ______ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (11. 11-12)
a．rise
b．rose
c．raise
d．claim
11 Humphries soon became ______ Mendoza's success. (11. 13-14)
a．jealous of
b．disinterested in
c．revolted by
d．changed by
12 Mendoza finally ______ Humphries and became Champion of England. (11. 17-18)
a．conquered
b．gained
c．won
d．beat
1 they were known as ‘prizefighters’，他們被稱作“職業(yè)拳擊手”。 be known as…，被稱作……。
2 until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules中，以when引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，修飾前面的年代 1860年。draw up是“制定”、“草擬”的意思。a set of，一套。 Marquis of Queensberry，昆斯伯里侯爵，是指第8位昆斯伯里侯爵約翰·修托·道格拉斯（1844—1900），蘇格蘭貴族。他制定的“昆斯伯里規(guī)則”至今仍是拳擊的比賽規(guī)則。
3 change…into…，把……變成……，bring…to…，把……引進……。
4 in his day，在他的全盛時期。
day此處指“幸運或順利的時期”。
5 He was adored by rich and poor alike. 人們不論貧富都很崇拜他。
rich and poor是固定詞組，意為富人和窮人。有的形容詞可用作名詞，但前面要加the。
6 rise to fame，成名。
7 Humphries turned against him，漢弗萊斯與他反目為敵。
8 at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour中，以where引導(dǎo)的從句作Stilton的定語。
9 bet on…，在……上押（賭金）。
10 It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries…這是一個it的強調(diào)句。被強調(diào)的部分not until his third match in 1790放在It was之后，句子的其他部分放在引導(dǎo)詞that之后。
11 be in debt，負債。
參考譯文
兩百年前，拳擊比賽在英國非常盛行。當(dāng)時，拳擊手們不戴手套，為爭奪獎金而搏斗。因此，他們被稱作“職業(yè)拳擊手”。不過，拳擊是十分野蠻的，因為當(dāng)時沒有任何比賽規(guī)則，職業(yè)拳擊手有可能在比賽中受重傷，甚至喪命。
拳擊引人注目的人物之一是丹尼爾·門多薩，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第為拳擊比賽制定了規(guī)則，拳擊比賽這才用上了手套。雖然門多薩嚴格來講不過是個職業(yè)拳擊手，但在把這種粗野的拳擊變成一種體育運動方面，他作出了重大貢獻。是他把科學(xué)引進了這項運動。門多薩在他的全盛時期深受大家歡迎，無論是富人還是窮人都對他崇拜備至。
門多薩在14歲時參加了一場拳擊賽后一舉成名。這引起了當(dāng)時英國拳壇名將理查德·漢弗萊斯的注意。他主動提出教授門多薩，而年少的門多薩一學(xué)就會。事實上，門多薩不久便名聲大振，致使?jié)h弗萊斯與他反目為敵。兩個人爭吵不休，顯而易見，只有較量一番才能解決問題。于是兩人在斯蒂爾頓設(shè)下賽場，廝打了一個小時。公眾把大筆賭注下到了門多薩身上，但他卻輸了。后來，門多薩與漢弗萊斯再次在拳擊場上較量，門多薩又輸了一場。直到1790年他們第3次對壘，門多薩才終于擊敗了漢弗萊斯，成了全英拳擊冠軍。同時，他建立了一所拳擊學(xué)校，辦得很成功，連拜倫勛爵也成了他的學(xué)生。門多薩掙來大筆大筆的錢，出場費就可多達100英鎊。盡管收入不少，但他揮霍無度，經(jīng)常債臺高筑。他在被一個叫杰克遜紳士的拳擊手擊敗后很快被人遺忘。他因無力還債而被捕入獄，后于1836年在貧困中死去。
Comprehension理解
Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.
1 Why were boxers known as‘prizefighters’ two hundred years ago?
2 Why was boxing very crude in those days?
3 What was Mendoza's chief contribution to boxing?
Vocabulary 詞匯
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: bare (1. 2); injured (1. 5); drew up (1. 8): crude (1. 9); enjoyed tremendous popularity (11. 9-10); adored (1. 10); alike (1. 10).
Summary writing摘要寫作
In not more than 80 words write a brief account of Mendoza's career from the time he quarrelled with Humphries. Use your own words as far as possible. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.
Composition作文
In not more than 250 words, write an imaginary account of the first fight between Mendoza and Humphries.
Expand the ideas given below into a plan and provide a suitable title. Your Composition should be in four paragraphs.
Ideas: The quarrel ---- Mendoza and Humphries: bets from supporters ---- atmosphere just before the fight ---- the fight itself ---- Mendoza's defeat ---- effect on him and his supporters.
Letter writing書信寫作
On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:
The address and date; the beginning of the letter; the Introduction; the Purpose; the Conclusion; the letter-ending; the signature; the postscript. Supply all necessary full stops and commas.
Key structures and Special difficulties 關(guān)鍵句型和難點
Exercises 練習(xí)
1 Boxing marches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. (11. 1-2) Write two sentences using the words ago and before. (IKS 38) （參見第2冊第38課關(guān)鍵句型b）
2 … a prizefighter could be seriously injured (11. 4-5). Write two sentences using could and was able to. (IKS 43c) （參見第2冊第43課關(guān)鍵句型c）
3 The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860. (1. 7) Write a sentence using the construction not … until. (IKS 9d) （參見第2冊第9課關(guān)鍵句型d）
4 He was adored by rich and poor alike. (1. 10) Note the use of by in this sentence. Write two sentences using by in the same way. (IKS 34) （參見第2冊第34課關(guān)鍵句型）
5 Mendoza rose to fame. (1. 11) Write two sentences illustrating the use of rose and raised. (ISD 51a) （參見第2冊第51課難點a）
6 … his young pupil was quick to learn. (1. 13) Write two sentences using the following: pleased to and sorry to. (ISD 13) （參見第13課難點）
7 it was clear. (1. 14) Write three sentences bringing out the different meanings of the word clear. Write a sentence using the word clean. (ISD 81c) （參見第2冊第81課難點c）
8 He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts. (1. 21) Note the form of the verb fail here. Write sentences using a verb after each of the following: afraid of; without; apologize for; congratulate on. (IKS 20) （參見第2冊第20課關(guān)鍵句型） Multiple choice questions 多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because ______ .
a．he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing
b．for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game
c．he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza's early fame
d．he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza
2 At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton ______ .
a．Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public
b．a(chǎn)fter an hour's fighting Humphries became champion of England
c．Mendoza lost twice to Humphries
d．the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries
3 Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza ______ .
a．earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion
b．earned so much money that he became a rich man
c．greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing
d．was given enormous sums by Lord Byron
Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)
4 In those days, ______ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money. (11. 2-3)
a．they called boxers
b．boxers called
c．boxers being called
d．they were called boxers
5 A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or ______ during a … (11. 4-5)
a．even be killed
b．be even killed
c．even killed
d．was even killed
6 Mendoza ______ boxing into a sport. (11. 8-9)
a．was much changed by
b．did a great deal to change
c．changed a great deal of
d．much changed
7 He was so extravagant that he ______ people money. (1. 20)
a．a(chǎn)lways owed to
b．a(chǎn)lways owed
c．owed always
d．was always owing to
Vocabulary 詞匯
8 One of the most ______ in boxing history was …(11. 6-7)
a．vivid personalities
b．famous people
c．painted images
d．imaginative characters
9 ---- after a boxing match at the ______ young age of fourteen. (1. 11)
a．marvellously
b．singly
c．exceptionally
d．unequally
10 Mendoza's ______ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (11. 11-12)
a．rise
b．rose
c．raise
d．claim
11 Humphries soon became ______ Mendoza's success. (11. 13-14)
a．jealous of
b．disinterested in
c．revolted by
d．changed by
12 Mendoza finally ______ Humphries and became Champion of England. (11. 17-18)
a．conquered
b．gained
c．won
d．beat